社会主义核心价值的多维探源

社会主义的核心价值是无产阶级对人类共同理想的解读,是生产社会化要求的推导,是对资本主义价值理念的“扬弃,”是共产主义价值目标的“初级”表现。     

论无效劳动合同之确认

无效劳动合同具有自己独特的制度功能与价值取向。法律应当将社会公共利益、第三人利益以及劳动者的合法权益作为判定劳动合同是否有效的一般标准,并据此甄别与清理现行劳动法的相关规定,重新确定无效劳动合同的具体种类。     

后合同义务及其法律责任探析

后合同义务与合同给付义务、约定义务、先合同义务有着显著的不同。后合同义务包括通知义务、协助义务、保密义务、照顾义务、不得同业竞争等类型。违反后合同义务的法律责任称之为后合同责任,是不同于缔约过失责任、违约责任、侵权责任的一种独立的民事责任。     

政府公共性的理想与现实

理想的政府公共性与现实的政府公共性之间存在着很大差别。理想的政府公共性是纯粹的公共性 ,而现实的政府却具有公共性与自利性二重性 ,且自利性是政府无法克服的必然选择。用公共管理理念改造政府 ,是提高政府公共性程度 ,限制政府自利性扩张的有效举措     

论我国刑事诉讼证据种类的完善

我国刑事诉讼法所规定的证据种类不能全面概括司法实践中起证明作用的材料,建议立法补充相应的证据种类。刑事诉讼法规定的各种证据的归类和排序存在缺乏逻辑性和实用性的问题,必须加以调整。     

透视"城中村"--我研究"村落终结"的方法

"城中村"是中国城市化过程中出现的独特现象,村落终结具有与农民终结不同的特殊机制。[1]村落终结不仅仅是非农化和工业化的问题,甚至也不是变更城乡分割的户籍制度问题,而是最终要伴随产权的重新界定和社会关系网络的重组。在村落研究方法方面,传统村落研究中使用"文本概括法"和"文学概括法"来处理个案调查的访谈资料,当代学者试图提炼出某种村落研究的理想类型或象限图式,但这些方法都存在着局限性。因此,需要另辟蹊径,建立一种关于中国村落终结的具有普遍解释力和更广泛对话能力的理想类型。     

儒家理想人格与当代人的全面发展

儒家的理想人格设计在历史上对我国文明与人的发展曾经做出了重要贡献。在当代全球化、信息化的背景下 ,儒家理想人格仍然有其独具的优越性。它所提倡的尚义崇仁、追求至善的价值目标 ,好学深思、通古博今的人才范式 ,自强不息、坚韧不拔的内在品格 ,厚德载物、协和万邦的广阔胸襟 ,都是值得我们现代人继承学习的闪光之处。当然对于其中的价值取向神圣化、片面化、不公化、保守化的糟粕思想及其对当代国民心理的影响也要进行全面的批判与深刻的反思。     

我国当前洗钱犯罪的新形式及其防范对策——兼对洗钱犯罪刑法意义的商榷

当前“洗钱”作为一个全球性的问题 ,已经严重影响到全球经济的正常发展。在中国 ,“洗钱”正严重侵蚀着中国的经济基础 ,出现资本外逃、滋生腐败、带来金融市场隐患等一系列问题。通过对洗钱犯罪的概念、我国当前洗钱犯罪的新形式、我国刑法对此类犯罪的认识深化过程的分析和刑法意义上的商榷 ,以找出目前在防范洗钱犯罪方面存在的问题及应进一步采取的措施     

Seeking or controlling the truth? An examination of courtroom questioning practices by Canadian lawyers*

ABSTRACT

The questioning practices of Canadian lawyers were examined. Courtroom examinations (N?=?91) were coded for the type of utterance, the assumed purpose of the utterance, and the length of utterance. Results showed that approximately one-fifth of all utterances were classified as productive for gathering reliable information (i.e. open-ended, probing); less than one percent of all utterances were open-ended. Direct examinations contained more closed yes/no, probing, and open-ended questions. Cross-examinations contained more leading and clarification questions, and opinions. Moreover, cross- (vs. direct) examinations contained more questions with a ‘challenging the witness’ purpose. The longest utterances were opinions, followed by multiple and forced-choice questions. The longest answers were in response to open-ended questions, followed by multiple and probing questions. Implications for the truth-seeking function of the judiciary are discussed.     

Metrological framework for selecting morphological characters to identify species and estimate developmental maturity of forensically significant insect specimens

Accurate age estimates of immature necrophagous insects associated with a human or animal body can provide evidence of how long the body has been dead. These estimates are based on species-specific details of the insects’ aging processes, and therefore require accurate species identification and developmental stage estimation. Many professionals who produce or use identified organisms as forensic evidence have little training in taxonomy or metrology, and appreciate the availability of formalized principles and standards for biological identification. Taxonomic identifications are usually most readily and economically made using categorical and qualitative morphological characters, but it may be necessary to use less convenient and potentially more ambiguous characters that are continuous and quantitative if two candidate species are closely related, or if identifying developmental stages within a species. Characters should be selected by criteria such as taxonomic specificity and metrological repeatability and relative error. We propose such a hierarchical framework, critique various measurements of immature insects, and suggest some standard approaches to determine the reliability of organismal identifications and measurements in estimating postmortem intervals. Relevant criteria for good characters include high repeatability (including low scope for ambiguity or parallax effects), pronounced discreteness, and small relative error in measurements. These same principles apply to individuation of unique objects in general.

Key points

• Metrological rigour can increase in forensic entomology by selecting measurements based on their metrological qualities.
• Selection of high-quality features for morphological identification of organisms should consider these criteria: (1) pronounced discreteness of features (minimising group overlap or maximizing interval); (2) high repeatability of assessment (such as symmetrical width rather than asymmetrical length); (3) small relative error in measurement (selecting the physically largest continuous rigid feature for measurement).
• These metrological principles also apply to individuation of unique objects in general.