High performance liquid chromatographic determination of alcohols with reference to body distribution of methanol

A method has been developed on reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of methyl, ethyl and isopropyl alcohols under refractive index detection using pure water as the mobile phase. A good separation has been achieved between these alcohols. Detector response was linear with a detection limit of 5 mg/100 ml. Recovery studies were performed by adding known amounts of methyl and ethyl alcohols to blood, lung and liver within the range 80–90%. The reproducibility of the results was always >90%. The quantitative distribution of methyl alcohol in postmortem body tissues and fluids has been reported in three cases of poisoning.     

The effect of board size and composition on European bank performance

Banks are “special” financial institutions generating distinct corporate governance challenges. The present paper examines the relationship between two of the most pertinent corporate governance factors—that is, the size of the Board of Directors and the proportion of non-executive directors—and firm performance on a sample of 58 large European banks over the period 2002–2004. The empirical analysis embraces a number of bank-specific variables. Our results reveal that bank profitability is negatively related to the size of the Board of Directors, while the impact of Board composition, although positive in all models, is, in most cases, insignificant. The results are robust after controlling for firm-specific variables.      

Acidic and neutral drugs screen in blood with quantitation using microbore high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection and capillary gas chromatography–flame ionization detection

Blood previously acidified with aqueous saturated ammonium chloride solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The dried extract was subjected to acetonitrile–hexane partition. The acetonitrile portion was analysed for the presence of acidic and neutral drugs by HPLC–DAD (200 mm×2.1 mm I.D. microbore ODS-Hypersil column) and GC–FID (25 m narrow-bore×0.25 mm I.D. HP-5 column with 0.33 μm film thickness). The protocol was found to be suitable for both clinical toxicology (including emergency toxicology) and postmortem toxicology. At least 66 drugs of interest were unequivocally identified by RRTs (HPLC) and UV spectra (DAD) match while another 12 were unequivocally identified by double RRTs match (HPLC and GC). Quantitation was facilitated by incorporating calibration blood standards in each assay batch. The five drugs most commonly encountered in clinical blood specimens (1150 cases) were: paracetamol (47.4% of the cases); chlormezanone (6.6%), theophylline (1.74%), naproxen (1.65%) and mefenamic acid (1.56%). The following drugs were detected in toxicologically significant quantities in postmortem blood specimens (245 cases): phenobarbitone (1.22% of the cases), naproxen (0.82%), chlormezanone (0.82%), theophylline (0.82%), carbamazepine (0.41%) and paracetamol (0.41%).     

试论新形势下青少年创造性思维的培养

在知识经济时代,知识创新的核心是科学技术的创新,科学技术创新的基础在于创造性人才的培养和教育。青少年的创造性思维能力直接决定了一个国家未来的科技创新能力。如何在新形势下有效地培养青少年的创造能力是许多教育者关心的问题,对此应采取有效的策略。     

中外政府绩效管理的行政生态学比较

无论在理念上还是在实践中,要完善我国政府绩效管理,提升政府绩效以满足公众需要,改善政府形象,必须从行政生态学角度出发,基于自身特定的环境背景,建立我国政府绩效管理的内部系统。必须完善政府绩效管理的内部生态,强调内外生态间的相互作用与影响,才能促进我国政府绩效管理取得成功。     

乡镇行政权力的运作:模式与绩效

本文以个案调查为基础,描述了我国乡镇行政权力的运作模式及其特征,在此基础上,对影响乡镇政府绩效的几方面因素进行了合理解释。     

我国给付不能制度体系之考察

我国给付障碍统一构成要件规则来自于德国"不履行"理论,但合同法并未统一法律效果,也未根据法律效果结构请求权基础,履行不能的制度功能并未因为统一构成要件而消失.在履行不能制度功能上,由于免责事由规定过窄,出现了债权人与债务人利益失衡的情形,而且没有规定对待给付当然消灭规则.在履行不能类型上,没有规定自始不能、部分不能、暂时不能、人身不能等规则,对此需要通过理论继受加以补充,在法律上还要明确经济上不能与情势变更之间的关系.在履行不能与瑕疵担保规则、风险负担规则竞合的情况下,应优先适用瑕疵担保规则、风险负担规则.     

提高工科学生科研创新能力的几点思考

大学应培养出具有创新精神和创新能力的人才,以适应当前及未来社会的需要。该文在分析学生科研创新能力的现状和存在问题的基础上,提出了如何提高学生科研创新能力的几点意见,以此促进学生科研创新能力的提高。     

论检察机关自由裁量权

检察机关自由裁量权的构建对我国完善的诉讼制度具有重要意义。当今将起诉法定主义与起诉便宜主义相结合,赋予检察机关更大的自由裁量权,已成为世界检察改革的趋势。我国现行刑事诉讼法明确了检察机关相对不起诉的自由裁量权,但在法学界和司法实践中,检察机关的自由裁量权尚未获得普遍的理性认识。文章就如何加强对检察机关自由裁量权,追求法的公平、程序正义价值,体现诉讼经济原则等方面进行了探讨,并提出了完善我国检察机关自由裁量权的构想。     

公共部门绩效评估存在的问题与对策

公共部门绩效评估在具体实施过程中出现不少问题,主要表现在评估主体单一化、评估指标体系不够全面科学、评估程序随意性较大及定性评估方法运用过多等。完善公共部门绩效评估体系,保证评估结果的合理有效,应建构多元化的评估主体、选择科学的指标体系、设计规范的评估程序、运用定性和定量相结合的综合评估方法。