Extravagance and mediocrity of virtue: Their divergence and the possibility of demagoguery

In the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle refers to Socrates five times: four references are to the contentious Socratic doctrine that “virtue is knowledge” the fifth is in the discussion of irony, “such as that of which Socrates was accused.” These issues are not conjoined accidentally. “Manifest appearances” attest that we can do worse than we know or know better than we do. Yet, the “problem of incontinence'’ is only half of the problem of the divergence of character and intellect, the mediocre and the extravagant in virtue. The other half of the problem is the capacity of some to do or act better than they know, vice's ability to imitate virtue, the disloyal talent's employment of demagoguery, the clever vice of irony.     

“遗嘱形式缓和”之实证分析

我国《继承法》坚持遗嘱的严格要式性,司法实务中一些法官为了维护遗嘱人真意,妥善处理纠纷,缓和或淡化了遗嘱的形式要求,并没有严格地依法办事。本文选取了近年我国的两例司法判例进行分析,借以说明遗嘱形式缓和之必要以及遗嘱形式缓和之合理的"度",同时探讨立法上的应对措施。     

论适度行使国家权力——学习邓小平关于国家权力思想的体会

适度行使国家权力是政治管理的重大课题。根据邓小平的有关论述以及国家权力行使的制约因素 ,我国在市场经济条件下务必防止国家权力的“越位”和“缺位”,实现国家权力行使的科学化。     

Environmental predictability influences the relationship between virtues and antisocial/delinquent behavior

ABSTRACT

Despite the notion that characterizes criminals as lacking virtues or character strengths, evidence shows that people who engage in antisocial and delinquent behavior are not dissimilar in possessing character strengths as compared to the general population. Character strengths may be used to either do ‘good’ or ‘wrong’; so that the question is, what situation does direct this use to either choice? This study hypothesized environmental predictability may influence a person using their character strengths to inhibit antisocial or delinquent behavior. Two samples were examined, one consisting of individuals convicted of a criminal offense, and the other composed of non-convicted participants. Individuals responded to a series of instruments targeting virtues and character strengths, antisocial and delinquent behaviors, and environmental predictability in their environment –inferred from life-history strategy. In both groups, virtues were negatively and significantly associated with antisocial/delinquent behavior. A further test of the moderating and mediating influence of environmental predictability showed that this environmental dimension modified the aforementioned relationship, decreasing the inhibitory influence of virtues on antisociality. This means that, in predictable contexts, possessing (or lacking) character strengths is not important to inhibiting antisocial behaviors; however, in unpredictable environments virtues are useful to prevent antisociality and delinquent behavior.     

住房社会保障制度基本原则研究

住房社会保障事关民生,是现代社会保障立法的起点和归宿。构建住房社会保障制度应确立住房保障权本位原则、保障主（客）体的特殊性原则、保障机制的社会化原则、保障水平的适度性原则和权责协调原则。     

谦抑、民主、责任与法治——对中国立法理念的重思

立法理念是立法活动所必须遵守的最基本的程序或制度约束，而非立法主体在立法时所要追求的价值目标和理想。现代立法的制度设计者必须认真考虑立法权的范围和限度、立法权的归属和行使方式、立法权不当行使的责任、以适当的法律约束立法权等四个基本问题。与此相对应的四种立法理念是谦抑、民主、责任、法治，因此，阐释这四种立法理念的内涵，特别是重点讨论这些立法理念转化为立法实践的可能途径，对于立法实践将具有重要的现实意义。     

社会主义和谐社会视野下的政治参与

政治参与既是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要手段，又是和谐社会的重要标志，因此是和谐社会的题中应有之意。在社会主义和谐社会视野下，政治参与具有有序性、理性、适度性、层次性等特性。     

试论我国刑事审判阶段辩护律师的发言权

在刑事审判中，辩护律师的发言权对于维护被告人的合法权利，实现控、辩对抗，促进司法公正，维护社会正义均有着极为重要的作用与意义。本文在阐明了辩护律师的发言权的特定含义之后，具体陈述了辩护律师发言权的现实问题。同时，就辩护律师发言权的改进与完善提出了相应的构想。     

Conquering versus democratizing the state: political Islamists and fourth wave democratization in Turkey and Tunisia

What do we learn from Turkey and Tunisia regarding the relationship between political Islamism and democratization? Variables identified by current research such as autonomy, “moderation”, and cooperation with secular actors can cut both ways depending on various political-institutional conditions and prerogatives. Particularly, the article argues that preoccupation with “conquering the state from within as opposed to democratizing it” has been a key priority and intervening variable undermining the democratizing potential of the main Turkish and Tunisian political Islamic actors – primarily the AKP and Ennahda. These actors have prioritized acceptance by and ownership of their respective nation states over other goals and strategies, such as revolutionary takeover or Islamization of the state and confrontations with state elites. This has led to a relative neglect of designing and building institutions, whether for Islamic or democratic transformation. Hence, while contributing to democratization at various stages, these actors have a predisposition to adopt and regenerate, reframe and at times augment the authoritarian properties of their states. Research should ask how secular and religious actors can agree on institutions of vertical and horizontal state accountability that would help to address the past and present sources of the interest of political Islamists in conquering rather than democratizing the state.     

浅谈思想政治教育中如何把握适度的艺术

思想政治教育中存在着一个适度把握问题,过分与不及的教育态度、行为都不能取得正面的教育效果.在教育过程中把握适度的教育方法,即采用适度的身教、言传及适度的时间把握,可以取得良好的教育效果.