Grabbing back: essays against the global land grab

ABSTRACT

Extensive research, mainly undertaken by nutrition scientists and economists, indicates that the presence of a home garden is positively associated with improved household nutrition in rural households of the global South. However, this literature is relatively silent on the contexts that influence home garden uptake. This is problematic given rapidly changing social and economic landscapes, which reshape the place and scope for home gardens within households’ livelihood and food provisioning arrangements. Original research from Myanmar reported here reveals that emergent socio-economic contexts for rural households are posing heightened challenges for home gardens to contribute to food and nutrition security.     

Chinese Shichen for a Healthy Body and Mind

正Stomach MeridianThe Stomach Meridian is most active during Chenshi(from 7 to 9 a.m.),when the empty stomach receives nutrition.During this period the blood circulation is at its strongest to support the stomach's function.Chenshi,therefore,is when digestive functions work at optimum level.The Stomach Meridian's main feature is vigorous circulation of the blood and qi.It hence plays a vital role in providing the nutrition necessary to maintain physical strength and energy.     

新营养学理念在营养学教学改革中的渗透

新营养学是研究食品体系,食品、饮品和它们的营养成分及其他成分,它们在生物体内以及其他所有相关生物体、社会和环境系统之间的相互作用的一门学科。传统的营养学教学使学生所学内容主要局限在书本上传统的营养学知识,并没有真正掌握营养学的实践方法与应用技术,培养出的学生不能有效地解决许多人类在新世纪所面临的与营养健康有关的严峻问题。为此,我们进行了营养学教学改革,将新营养学理论渗透到传统的营养学教学中,包括一系列的教学和考核方法改革,取得了良好的教学效果。     

外伤性癫痫法医学评定100例分析

目的探讨颅脑外伤后癫痫的法医学评定要点,提出外伤性癫痫的法医学评定依据。方法对100例颅脑损伤后癫痫患者门诊及住院病历,结合临床脑电图（EEG）结果、CT片、MRI片等影像学资料,进行了回顾性分析。结果依据GBl8667-2002《道路交通事故受伤人员伤残评定》标准有关颅脑损伤后癫痫发作类型、发作频率的相关条款规定,Ⅲ级伤残8人,Ⅴ级伤残10人,Ⅶ级伤残22人,Ⅸ级伤残40人,Ⅹ级伤残20人。误工期限、营养期限和护理期限评定结论时间长短差异较大,具有个体化特征。结论外伤后癫痫常继发于严重的颅脑损伤,其发作特点决定于颅脑外伤的部位和程度,外伤性癫痫法医学鉴定必须以外伤史及既往史为基础,结合电生理及影像学检查,综合癫痫发作类型、频率及药物控制情况作出正确的伤残等级及误工期限、护理期限、营养期限的鉴定结论。     

肠内营养结合四君子汤对腹部术后患者早期营养状况的影响

目的 观察腹部术后早期肠外营养、肠内营养、肠内营养+四君子汤支持对患者营养状况的影响。方法 将45例腹部术后患者随机分为肠外营养组,肠内营养组,中药组（肠内营养+四君子汤）,每组15例,3组患者术后采用相同的预防感染措施,术后1 d开始给予营养支持,肠外营养组术后给予标准肠外营养液支持,肠内营养组及中药组术后1 d开始经肠内营养管注入能全力,中药组同时给予四君子汤,肠外营养组与肠内营养组同时给予等量0.9%的生理盐水。检测患者术前、术后1 d和术后8 d的营养指标、血常规、胃肠道恢复情况和住院费用。结果 术后1 d,3组患者红细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数,血红蛋白水平及血清总蛋白、清蛋白、前清蛋白水平均较术前显著降低（P<0.05,或P<0.01）;术后8 d,3组患者上述指标均恢复正常,与同组术前1 d比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 腹部术后早期行肠外和肠内营养及中药支持,能有效改善患者营养状况,促进胃肠道功能恢复,尚不能认为中药结合肠内营养在改善患者血常规和营养状况方面具有明显优势。     

后备母猪的遗传繁育和营养促进对母猪繁殖效率

繁殖效率是现代成功猪业生产体系母系性能评定指数。全基因组选育法,结合传统的数量性状位点基因选择（QTL）的遗传改进进展使得遗传优势能有益于最好种用性能的生产效率。一个优秀的种用母种群是从一个好的后备母猪生长发育方案开始的,基于这个方案有3个重要基础。他们是遗传基础、生理基础和营养基础。该文将讨论它们在现代种用猪群的繁殖效率改进中的作用,重点是集中在后备母猪。     

Efficiency of subnational government expenditure towards elementary education and nutrition: Bootstrap data envelopment analysis for India

The need of translating increasing outlays into better outcomes on various public programmes has attracted the attention of researchers worldwide to focus more on the quality of public spending, often assessed in terms of its efficiency. The present article is a contribution to the existing literature on the subject in that it assesses the efficiency of government expenditure of Indian states for two most basic social services—elementary education and nutrition during 2014–2015 and 2018–2019 using data envelopment analysis and Malmquist productivity index techniques, in both input-oriented as well as output-oriented settings under variable returns to scale assumption; it constructs the average performance index for children at elementary education and malnutrition index for women and children to utilise them as output indicators; and it adopts a robust bootstrap truncated regression procedure to avoid various econometric issues while estimating the impact of selected environmental factors on bias-corrected inefficiency scores. The major findings of this article seem to suggest that, while states should be provided greater flexibility in their fiscal operations, they have to complement their fiscal autonomy with good governance to improve the efficiency of their spending on basic social services. Towards this end, states like Bihar, Jharkhand and those belonging to North-Eastern and Himalayan regions need special attention with a different set of development policies.     

Taiwan's success and its challenges for the future

A look at Taiwan's success to date and the lessons for developing countries. The article also examines the daunting challenges ahead for Taiwan in a changing global order.     

对我国营养立法可行性的探讨

营养立法对促进全国的营养工作,改善我国居民的营养与健康状况具有重要意义,也是实现全面“小康”社会的关键。本文对我国目前营养立法的可行性进行了探讨,从政策基础、社会经济发展状况、营养科技条件、社会需求和营养立法的经验五个方面的分析来看,尽管还存在一些困难,但是,现阶段营养立法在我国切实可行,在党和政府的关怀和领导下,通过营养专业人员和各界人士的共同努力,相信营养法会早日颁布,使我国营养工作走上更加规范的法制化轨道。     

Food-security governance in India and Ethiopia: a comparative analysis

Despite recently legislating the right of all citizens to food security, India continues to suffer high food-insecurity rates. With respect to several measures, food insecurity in India appears to be actually higher than in Ethiopia, a country with only one-fourth of India’s average per-capita income. This article examines comparatively the two countries’ food-security challenges and governance mechanisms and identifies several relevant policy areas for mutual learning – dietary diversity, maternal and infant nutrition, and sanitation as well as food production and programmes’ external oversight. Beyond India and Ethiopia, these findings are pertinent also to other developing countries facing similar food-security challenges, such as Pakistan, Nigeria or Sudan.