30年来涉台经济研究的研究范式与方法演进——基于历年《台湾研究集刊》所发表论文的分类分析

本文以近30年来《台湾研究集刊》中发表的涉台经济研究类论文作为对象,对其中所采用的各种范式方法加以分类归纳比较,分析该领域研究范式和方法的时间演进特征。结果表明,20世纪80年代涉台经济研究的范式注重文献信息的丰富程度,主要采用数量描述和文献归纳方法,但逻辑论证的精度不足;20世纪90年代更为关注研究的实用性,倚重逻辑推理和理论演绎方法的运用,逻辑深度有所加强,逻辑精度也有一定提高;2000年以后则同时向实用性和理论性两个方向发展,既注重研究对于实践的指导意义,也开始引入主流经济学中的经验研究范式用于理论检验和创新。各种研究范式和方法互为补充参照,由此才能不断推进涉台经济研究的科学化进程。     

From Reflection to Refraction: Rethinking Paradigms of Cultural Interaction and Identity in Peru and Mexico

This article explores the construction and reworking of paradigms of culture contact and identity by social scientists and cultural critics in response to contradictory sociocultural experiences of modernity in Peru and Mexico. It seeks to do so in the context of calls made by the Peruvian critic Antonio Cornejo Polar for greater historicism and critical thinking about these, and the concern that this appeal has since generated in the field of Latin American Cultural Studies. Focusing first on the postcolonial, ideologically driven model of 'mestizaje', the article then traces continuities and discontinuities between it and latter–day thinking about cultural pluralism.     

From asset to patrimony: the re-emergence of the housing question

Abstract

The global financial crisis has ushered in a major housing crisis in many European countries. The paper seeks to shed light on why, despite massive housing crises, there are few policy efforts at tackling it. Probing into the policy paradigms that have informed housing policies, the paper demonstrates a shift towards housing as an asset before the crisis. Increasingly, housing policies have become interwoven with financial markets. This has led to a major policy mismatch after the crisis: while the return of the ‘housing question’ would have required renewed efforts at establishing housing as a social right, de facto policy makers sought to stabilise financial markets. The result is a paradoxical outcome, where neoliberal market-driven programmes are embedded in increased dependence on family wealth. The article demonstrates the shift from housing as asset to housing as patrimony in three different varieties of residential regimes, represented by Ireland, Denmark and Hungary.     

近30年中国英语课程设计范式变革之检讨及其现实启示

从哲学的范式理论角度来看,影响课程设计的核心因素有国家计划、社会和市场的需求、教学共同体的集体惯性和内部的变革要求以及受教育者的呼声等;本文从历时角度描述并反思近30年来影响英语课程设计范式变革的核心内生和外生变量,阐述其内生和外生变量的运作方式.课程设计范式变革对外语教育的现实启示如教育应根据市场和社会的需求对自身作适当的反思甚至调适、外语教育应和宏观教育结合起来.     

Economic models as devices of policy change: Policy paradigms,paradigm shift,and performativity

Can the emergence of a new policy model be a catalyst for a paradigm shift in the overall interpretative framework of how economic policy is conducted within a society? This paper claims that models are understudied as devices used by actors to induce policy change. This paper explores the role of models in Danish economic policy, where, from the 1970s onwards, executive public servants in this area have exclusively been specialists in model design. To understand changes in economic policy, this paper starts with a discussion of whether the notion of paradigm shift is adequate. It then examines the extent to which the performativity approach can help identify macroscopic changes in policy from seemingly microscopic changes in policy models. The concept of performativity is explored as a means of thinking about the constitution of agency directed at policy change. The paper brings this concept into play by arguing that the “performative” embedding of models in institutions is an important aspect of how paradigm shifts unfold that the current literature has neglected.     

U.S. National Identity,Political Elites,and a Patriotic Press Following September 11

In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C. on September 11, 2001, U.S. government and military leaders often articulated distinctly pro-American themes in their public communications. We argue that this national identity discourse was at the heart of the U.S. government's attempt to unite the American public and to mobilize support for the ensuing "war on terrorism." With this perspective, we content analyzed Time and Newsweek newsmagazines for the five weeks following September 11 to identify potential communication strategies employed by government and military leaders to promote a sense of U.S. national identity. Findings suggest (a) that government and military officials consistently emphasized American core values and themes of U.S. strength and power while simultaneously demonizing the "enemy," and (b) that journalists closely paralleled these nationalist themes in their language.     

From ‘There is No Alternative’ to ‘Maybe There are Alternatives’: five Challenges to Economic Orthodoxy after the Crash

Prior to the 2008 financial crisis, politicians famously told the public and themselves that ‘there is no alternative’ to a neoliberal economic paradigm. Fast‐forward to 2019 and there is, instead, the sense that ‘maybe there are alternatives’. However, when many observers and commentators look back to the 2008 crisis, they see a general continuity with what went before. In order to gain a better understanding of this ‘interregnum’, we map five sets of ideas and practices that challenge the policies, ideas, and conventions of pre‐crash orthodoxy. In doing so, we argue that there has been a fundamental transformation in legitimate public discourse about the economy since 2008: ideas and practices that were previously unimaginable or illegitimate in mainstream economic debate are now commonplace. Although this does not represent a ‘paradigm shift’, it represents significant political change that is important to understand and interrogate on its own terms.     

BEYOND ADOLESCENCE‐LIMITED CRIMINOLOGY: CHOOSING OUR FUTURE—THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY 2010 SUTHERLAND ADDRESS*

For over a half century, criminology has been dominated by a paradigm—adolescence‐limited criminology (ALC)—that has privileged the use of self‐report surveys of adolescents to test sociological theories of criminal behavior and has embraced the view that “nothing works” to control crime. Although ALC has created knowledge, opposed injustice, and advanced scholars’ careers, it has outlived its utility. The time has come for criminologists to choose a different future. Thus, a new paradigm is needed that is rooted in life‐course criminology, brings criminologists closer to offenders and to the crime event, prioritizes the organization of knowledge, and produces scientific knowledge that is capable of improving offenders’ lives and reducing crime.     

权力再诠释：基于西方社会学理论范式的嵌入研究

权力是社会科学领域颇受争议的重要论题,从社会学理论视角分析权力对梳整这一论题具有一定的理论及现实意义。基于此,笔者从社会学理论范式出发,通过嵌入性分析四大范式中的权力,发现社会学领域内权力研究遵循三大基本发展逻辑,而潜在且难以意识到的权力运作是研究的核心,福柯的规训权力只是权力研究拓展后的新起点。     

劳动关系视角的职场欺负研究 —— 一种研究范式的转换

传统基于功能主义范式的职场欺负研究往往以社会心理学为主要研究视角,将职场欺负看作是个体之间的人际问题,关注于个体特征和工作特征的诱发作用,忽视了组织变革、雇佣制度等组织和劳动关系层面的因素对职场欺负的影响,因而现有的干预政策和措施的实际效果并不明显。而基于批判管理范式和后现代主义范式的劳动关系视角认为,存在"欺负型组织",制度性权力和组织外显的控制途径对职场欺负行为有诱发作用,并且雇主和人力资源管理部门的干预意愿对现有干预措施的有效性有重要影响。这一视角运用跨学科、情景分析的方法揭示了新型劳动关系下职场欺负的产生机制,为进一步制定、实施有效的政策和措施减少职场欺负的发生,提供了新的研究范式架构。