共同富裕目标下相对贫困治理的逻辑与机制

我国贫困问题的主要形态已从绝对贫困转向相对贫困，顺应相对贫困治理的需求，有必要系统构建贫困治理的逻辑与机制。在分析相对贫困的概念、特征和治理需求的基础上，文章从系统观念出发，提炼并阐释了以党领导为核心，以自治、法治、共治和技治为手段的“1+4”相对贫困治理逻辑。通过分析浙江安吉“生态扶贫”和山西“吕梁山护工”治理实践表明，由于地方推动共同富裕的基础条件具有差异性，治理的侧重点会有不同——安吉重视绿色发展理念和共同富裕示范机制建设，吕梁重视护工就业培训和脱贫增收机制构建，但其治理逻辑存在共识，能有效地将中国特色社会主义的制度优势和党的领导优势转化为地方治理效能。基于此，文章在“1+4”相对贫困治理逻辑基础上结合地方经验，从组织机制、内在动力机制、法律机制、协同共治机制、监测机制、示范引领机制六个方面提出贫困治理长效机制的基本框架，尝试为全国推动共同富裕提供理论指引。     

Advance notice as a means of reducing relative deprivation

Considerable research has documented that global perceptions of proceduralv fairness are associated with reductions in relative deprivation (RD). Less research has examined the specific process elements that lead individuals to perceive procedural fairness. In view of this, several researchers have suggested that providing advance notice concerning a negative decision increases perceived justice and thereby lowers levels of RD. Unfortunately, the evidence for this causal relationship is currently limited and is based upon a small number of correlation and role-playing studies. Thus, the present paper reports on two experimental studies that investigate the causal relationship between advance notice and RD. Findings in Study 1 showed that advance notice impacted the cognitive aspects of RD but not the affective or behavioral aspects. However, some methodological limitations were identified. These were corrected and a second experiment was conducted. This time advance notice lowered both the cognitive and affective aspects of RD but still did not impact the behavioral measure. Results are discussed in terms of Tyler's (1987) group value model.     

NO COMMUNITY IS AN ISLAND: THE EFFECTS OF RESOURCE DEPRIVATION ON URBAN VIOLENCE IN SPATIALLY AND SOCIALLY PROXIMATE COMMUNITIES*

The link between resource deprivation and urban violence has long been explored in criminological research. Studies, however, have largely ignored the potential for resource deprivation in particular communities to affect rates of violence in others. The relative inattention is notable because of the strong theoretical grounds to anticipate influences that extend both to geographically contiguous areas and to those that, though not contiguous, share similar social characteristics. We argue that such influences—what we term spatial and social proximity effects, respectively—constitute a central feature of community dynamics. To support this argument, we develop and test theoretically derived hypotheses about spatial and social proximity effects of resource deprivation on aggregated and disaggregated homicide counts. Our analyses indicate that local area resource deprivation contributes to violence in socially proximate communities, an effect that, in the case of instrumental homicides, is stronger when such communities are spatially proximate. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for theories focused on community‐level social processes and violence, and for policies aimed at reducing crime in disadvantaged areas.     

法理学视野中的法官自由裁量权

法官自由裁量权的定位是司法改革中的重要问题。作者从法理学的角度对法官的自由裁量权进行了较全面的探讨。文章首先分析了法官自由裁量权的内涵 ,基于此 ,作者接着从哲学、法学和实践的角度对法官自由裁量权进行了考察 ,并对自由裁量权的存在根基进行了分析 ,最后就如何缓解法官自由裁量权中个性化的涉入提出了建设性的意见。     

论局部添加文件的检验

局部添加文件的检验方法主要有 :根据文件内容、制作文件的工具和材料进行辅助检验 ,根据文件的压痕特征进行检验 ,运用理化方法直接进行检验 ,利用墨水在纸张纤维中的洇散特征进行检验 ,结合不同人的字体特征进行检验 ,利用文字的笔顺特征进行检验 ,运用文件的局部安排特征进行检验 ,根据墨迹与印文的先后顺序进行检验 ,根据笔痕特征进行检验。     

剥夺政治权利执行难问题探讨

在社区矫正工作中,剥夺政治权利执行难问题反映突出.本文主要从社区矫正制度和剥夺政治权利这一刑罚制度两方面检视剥夺政治权利执行难的原因,同时就剥夺政治权利执行难问题的解决提出了一些建议.     

隐性动态贫困的识别与治理——兼论反向国债作为扶贫济困新思路的可行性

“隐性动态贫困”的识别与治理是一个世界性难题,也是我国扶贫济困工作未来所面对的主要挑战。传统治理工具主要应对“绝对贫困状态-相对贫困状态”路径及存在可识别的贫困表征的相对贫困问题,较难对“非贫困状态-相对贫困状态”路径的相对贫困问题进行有效的识别与应对。以“隐性动态贫困”问题的有效识别与应对为目标,国家应推出反向国债作为一种新的扶贫济困的治理工具,以作为传统扶贫济困治理工具的补充,为相对贫困中的“隐性动态贫困”问题的识别与治理提供新思路。     

死亡补偿费研究——尝试一种非主流观点

死亡补偿费的性质不仅关系死亡的民事救济,还涉及生命权的有无以及宪政和刑法理论对于生命的关注.现行法将死亡补偿费定性为对财产损失的赔偿,客观上把人看作获取收益的工具,有悖生命伦理.死亡补偿费应该是对生命损害的补偿,死亡赔偿项目除包括死者生前的健康和财产损失,现行法规定的其余赔偿项目都应以死亡补偿费概括.死亡补偿额以35岁为基数,赔偿可支配收入35年,每增加或者减少一岁,减少一年,最低赔偿不低于10年,对二亲等亲属的赔偿数额酌减.     

亲属范围研究

亲属在各部门法中都涉及,但具体所指的范围则大相径庭。为了避免法律适用的冲突,应采取具体限定主义的立法模式,在各部门法之间统一亲属概念,明确近亲属的范围。     

桃红四物汤含药血清对缺糖缺氧损伤PC12细胞的保护作用

目的 探讨桃红四物汤含药血清对缺糖缺氧（oxygen glucose deprivation,OGD）损伤的PC12细胞的保护作用及其机制。 方法 采用连二亚硫酸钠（Na2S2O4）联合低糖培养基建立体外OGD致PC12细胞损伤模型;分别给予不同浓度的桃红四物汤含药血清,以MTT法检测细胞存活率,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态学变化;检测乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）和超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性及丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量;观察Hoechst33258染色后的细胞形态学变化;Western blot法检测给药后细胞Caspase-3蛋白的表达。 结果 与空白血清对照组相比,经OGD损伤后,细胞活力显著降低,桃红四物汤含药血清可减轻PC12细胞形态损伤,显著提高SOD活力,降低MDA和LDH含量,降低Caspase-3蛋白表达;Hoechst 33258染色结果表明桃红四物汤含药血清能降低OGD诱导的细胞凋亡。 结论 桃红四物汤含药血清对OGD诱导的PC12细胞损伤具有保护作用,其机制与提高SOD活力和降低MDA含量有关。