韩国零售业态发展及政府规制

一国零售业态的发展与其经济发展阶段具有明显的相关性。韩国经济经历了高速增长和市场开放及资本自由化阶段后,便利店、廉价店等新业态大量进入,给韩国以大型百货店和商品交易市场为主导业态的传统零售业态带来了冲击。新型业态基本是模仿国外业态形式或随外资进入的,大型廉价店等新业态在本土化适应过程中不断调整,形成韩国特色。将韩国零售业态置于经济发展过程来考察,会发现与日本战后经济发展的阶段性以及现代零售业态的发展轨迹和政府政策规制的方向具有极大的相似性。我国也呈现出与韩国、日本的相似性。观察韩国零售业态演进过程及其特征,给中国零售业态发展研究提供了一个参照,对总结后发展国家零售业态发展规律具有重要意义。     

NUMBERS

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刑事数码摄影中应注意的问题

随着数字技术的发展，数码摄影应用于刑事摄影领域也是历史发展的必然。因为数码相机与传统相机存在本质区别，根据实际办案的需要．选择适当数码相机和数字图像存储格式，根据数码相机的原理及其特点，重新认识数码相机的参数，使数码相机在刑事技术中充分发挥其应有的作用。     

期刊版式设计的艺术形式

本文通过对版式设计艺术形式的探讨 ,从多角度、多层面论述了如何理解和把握版式设计艺术形式的规律。编辑在版式设计工作中 ,要全面提高专业的综合素质 ,成为新世纪合格的编辑工作者     

Scenes from a mall: Retail training and the social exclusion of low-skilled workers

In this article we examine how post-industrial Britain and Denmark undertake vocational training for low-skilled retail workers. Specifically, we evaluate whether leaders in training skilled industrial workers are also doing the best job with low-skilled service workers. While Danish retail is increasingly becoming a haven for low-skilled workers, British workers are gaining in skills levels with the transition to services even in the retail sector. While some suggest that social democratic countries have sacrificed the political interests of low-skilled workers in order to protect core manufacturing workers, we find no evidence of this. Rather, the high expectations of vocational training in Denmark have forged barriers to the easy admission of low-skilled service workers, while the British system provides more entry points for vocational training at different levels. The structures of coordination that had narrowed the gap between white-collar and blue-collar manufacturing workers during the industrial age are creating new cleavages in the post-industrial economy.     

培植核心竞争力是中国大型零售企业的战略选择

培植中国大型零售企业的核心竞争能力，对促进企业生存和发展、抢占流通高地都具有重要意义。但中国大型零售企业的核心竞争力（战略管理、组织管理、营销、规模扩张、企业文化凝聚等能力）与世界先进企业相比仍有不小的差距。培植中国大型零售企业核心竞争力的重点应放在构建企业的营利模式、组建学习型组织和加强企业文化建设等方面。     

关于格式条款法律控制问题的思考

格式条款是当事人为了重复使用而预先拟订,并在订立合同时未与对方协商的条款。格式条款合同的存在,一方面满足了社会化大生产和公用事业发展的需要,另一方面也在不同程度上侵害了消费者的合法权益。为此,应当通过法律控制的途径,从立法、执法和司法等方面对格式条款合同加以控制,以更好地发挥其在社会生活中的作用。     

论信用卡格式合同不公平条款的法律规制

对信用卡格式合同中的条件变更信息披露之排除条款、冒用风险分配条款和抗辩切断条款这三种不公平条款进行法律规制 ,是控制发卡机构的优势滥用 ,维护持卡人的合法权益 ,促进信用卡交易乃至现代信用经济发展的必要举措。我国法律应借鉴外国和我国台湾地区的立法 ,提高立法层次 ,开展小额电子资金划拨的专门立法 ,开展消费信用的专门立法 ,颁布信用卡格式合同范本 ,以保护持卡人的条件变更知情权 ,合理分配冒用风险 ,并在一定程度上保护持卡人的抗辩权     

以实质公平理念规制契约自由——以格式合同为例证

吉尔莫所谓的契约之死,无非是契约自由的丧失,也即和契约正义"合体"的契约自由的丧失。契约自由与契约正义由"合体"走向背离,是因着"主体平等"和"完全自由市场"在垄断的语境下不复存在。格式合同的出现成了契约自由背离契约正义的典型例证。在格式合同中,合意和选择失去了意义,契约自由背离了契约正义从而走向了形式正义的泥沼。将实质公平理念引入契约自由原则,或许能带来契约的再生。以实质公平理念规制格式合同,通过国家干预性质的立法、司法和行政手段实现格式合同中自由与正义的"合体"。本文以格式合同的典型司法案例为例证,研究了如何将经济法关于实质公平的价值理念引入格式合同的民商事审判,以探索一条如何达致契约自由与契约正义新的"合体"以及契约自由再生的司法实践路径。     

Determination of average vehicle speed utilizing reverse projection

Reverse projection photogrammetry has long been used to estimate the height of an individual in forensic video examinations. A natural extrapolation would be to apply the same technique on a video to estimate the speed of an object by determining the distance traveled between two points over a set amount of time. To test this theory, five digital video recorders (DVRs) were connected to a single fixed camera to record a vehicle traveling down a track. The vehicle's speed was measured through Doppler radar by a trained operator and the speedometer of the vehicle was also recorded with a video camera. The recorded video was examined and the frames that best depict the beginning and end of the vehicles course were selected. Two reverse projection photogrammetric examinations were performed on the selected frames to establish the position of the vehicle. The distance between the two points was measured, and the time elapsed between the two points was examined. The outcome provided an accurate speed result with a standard degree of uncertainty. This study proves the feasibility of using video data and reverse projection photogrammetry to determine the speed of a vehicle with a limited set of variables. Further research is needed to determine how additional variables would impact the standard degree of uncertainty.