A comparison of the Russian 13% flat rate PIT evasion stratified contributions and the US tax schedule

This paper reviews the existing literature on consumer credit reporting, the most extensively used instrument to overcome information asymmetry and adverse selection problems in credit markets. Despite the copious literature in economics and some research in regulatory policy, the legal community has paid almost no attention to the legal framework of consumer credit information systems, specially within the context of the European Union. Studies on the topic, however, seem particularly relevant in view of the establishment of a single market for consumer credit. This article ultimately calls for further legal research to address consumer protection concerns and inform future legislation.      

论刑事案件的新闻报道原则

刑事工作和对刑事案件开展的新闻报道构成对立统一的辩证关系,为了建立两者的和谐良性互动,应从价值、真实标准、控制力量、信息、程序等方面对两者进行比较分析。在以马列主义等科学哲理和依法治国目标等为主要内容的指导思想指引下,新闻工作应避免与前者消极的冲突,寻找共赢的互补,坚持"三个有利于"的标准选择案件进行报道,遵守合法、平衡和全程、无罪推定、追求客观真实,尊重法律真实等原则。     

论公民对行政执法的监督

公民对行政执法的监督是社会监督的重要组成部分。目前,公民监督已取得了一定的成就.但公民监督的作用远 没有得到发挥。完善公民监督,应当加大普法宣传的力度,强化对公民监督的法律保障,完善公民监督的有效途 径,实行政务活动公开化,完善听证制度。     

反贪工作中面临的困境及对 策简

反贪工作是检察院工作当中重要的组成部分，肩负着惩治和预防职务犯罪、推动反腐倡廉建设的职责。当前反贪工作面临着困境，如案件线索减少、举报成案率低、初查阶段搜集被调查对象的信息面临的困境、律师在侦查阶段介入对反贪工作的影响等。反贪干警应通过网络手段加大宣传力度，转变侦查模式，从而大大提高案件成案率。     

完善地方人大述职评议制度的探讨

现行宪法明确规定:"国家行政机关,审判机关,检察机关都由人民代表大会产生,对它负责,受它监督." 虽然宪法规定了人大罢免,撤免职务,组织特定问题的调查委员会,质询等"硬性"监督方式,但人大经常采用的是听取工作报告,开展视察检查等"软性"监督方式,使监督工作难以见到成效.述职评议是地方人大在没有具体法律规定的情况下对人事监督进行的探索创新,但由于述职评议缺乏统一的法律规定,评议的主体、程序、效力等方面还有待于完善,如对述职评议的定位、述职评议的主体和对象、评议前的准备、评议会的组织、评议后的处理等问题都缺乏操作性的程序法律规定,还处于实践探索阶段,有许多不成熟的做法,不适于在全国人大常务委员会进行,可先在地方各级人大常务委员会进行探索的基础上不断完善,进一步使其规范化、制度化,并在此基础上,完善人大常务委员会议事规则,使述职评议有法可依.     

处理涉法涉诉信访的几点思考

涉法涉诉信访是诸多社会矛盾的综合反映,其表现形式主要有十个方面,既涉及实体法,又涉及程序法,做好涉法涉诉信访工作应把握坚持对人民群众高度负责、坚持甄别性质分类处理、坚持实事求是依法办事、坚持依靠党委政府解决问题、坚持责任追究等原则。     

Governing sustainable palm oil supply: Disconnects,complementarities, and antagonisms between state regulations and private standards

The global palm oil value chain has grown in complexity; stakeholder relationships and linkages are increasingly shaped by new public and private standards that aim to ameliorate social and environmental costs while harnessing economic gains. Regulatory initiatives in the emerging policy regime complex struggle to resolve sector‐wide structural performance issues: pervasive land conflicts, yield differences between companies and smallholders, and carbon emissions arising from deforestation and peatland conversion. Identifying opportunities for more effective governance of the palm oil value chain and supply landscapes, this paper explores disconnects, complementarities, and antagonisms between public regulations and private standards, looking at the global, national, and subnational policy domains shaping chain actors’ conduct. Greater complementarities have emerged among transnational instruments, but state regulation disconnects persist and antagonisms prevail between national state regulations and transnational private standards. Emerging experimental approaches, particularly at subnational level, aim to improve coordination to both enhance complementarities and resolve disconnects.     

The Importance of Understanding the Anti-Corruption Legislation to Promote Corruption Reporting: Lessons from Mauritius

ABSTRACT

Anti-corruption campaigns usually focus on educating the population. However, little is known about the impact of knowledge, especially understanding of the anti-corruption legislation and the function of Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) body in practice. This study sheds light on the factors influencing the likelihood of reporting a case of corruption in Mauritius. Cross-sectional data are compiled from a household survey with a sample size of 380 observations. To perform the investigation, an ordered probit model is employed. Knowledge about the Prevention of Corruption Act (PoCA) is found to be a crucial variable in determining the functional form of the empirical model. In general, media consumption and knowledge about the PoCA increases the probability of reporting an act of corruption, while Interest in politics decreases the likelihood of reporting a case of corruption to the ICAC. In addition, age, educational attainment, income level, family size and civil status are found to be important predictors of corruption reporting.     

Telling the stories of others: claims of authenticity in human rights reporting and comics journalism

ABSTRACT

There are various intermediaries bearing witness to distant conflicts and atrocities. They travel to distant parts of the world to collect different kinds of evidence and stories, motivated by the assumption that knowledge can evoke change. This article asks how authenticity is claimed in this context of humanitarian witnessing. It focuses on two, at first sight quite different, practices of representation: NGO human rights reporting and comics journalism, also known as graphic reporting. It argues that representations of first-hand access to sites and people involved in abuses, or of ‘having been there’, figure centrally in establishing authenticity and thereby truth. The article discusses two techniques through which first-hand truth claims are performed: representations of field research methodologies, and personifications of truth in the figure of the witness. The intermediaries chosen for an in-depth study are the human rights NGO Human Rights Watch and the US comics journalist Joe Sacco.