浅谈村民自治进程中的干群关系

村民自治作为一种直接的民主形式 ,是现阶段中国农村社会的基本政治制度。干群关系作为维系农村社会的基础 ,是推进村民自治进程的关键。正确认识村民自治进程中干群关系出现的新变化 ,并且采取切实有效的措施加以改善和发展 ,不仅是农村社会稳定和发展的基础 ,更是推进民主政治建设 ,开创农村工作新局面的重要保证。     

提升乡村治理绩效的系统思考

提升乡村治理的制度绩效是一项涉及到理念、制度和结构的系统工程,主要包括:改变传统的对立型的国家与社会关系,以先进的"强国家-强社会"互强型国家与社会关系理念来指导乡村治理;改进和完善国家法律法规、省级地方法规、各级地方性执法规定以及村级规约,提高相关制度设计的质量和水平;优化乡村治理的结构,主要着眼点在于规范两委关系、乡村关系,提高村委会选举的质量,拓展村民代表会议的功能等.     

完善股东大会制度与中小股东权益保障

中小股东是公司的大多数投资主体,也是组成资本市场的基本要素。实践证明,只有保护所有投资主体权益的市场,才能给予投资者安全感和信心。完善股东大会制度需要从表决权制度、强化中小股东的程序性权利二方面入手,限制大股东权利,保障中小股东的合法权益。     

论村民自治权运行中的权力制约问题

村民自治权具有权利、权力双重属性。作为权利,村民自治权很容易受到国家行政权的限制、干涉或侵害,这就要求限制行政权在自治领域的效力,削减行政强权对自治权的压制;作为权力,村民自治权很可能侵害村民个体权益,甚至造成多数人对少数人的暴政,这要求国家立法权和司法权适度介入自治领域,防止自治权的滥用与无度。因此,必须合理划分和界定国家权力与村民自治权之间的比例关系,通过立法权和司法权介入自治权的运行过程,实现对国家行政权力和村民自治权力的制约,以维护和保障村民权益,使国家权力、村民自治权、个体权利在村民自治权运行过程中达致平衡与和谐。     

The Impact of Assembly Size on Representativeness

Choosing the number of seats in a legislature is a balancing act between efficiency and representativeness. This article focuses on representativeness and hypothesises that the larger the assembly, the higher the vote–seat proportionality, the higher the number of parties represented, and the higher the representation of otherwise under-represented groups. An approach using simulations of elections is introduced and applied in testing the hypotheses in the case of Danish local elections. Two thousand six hundred and forty-six elections are simulated, and a positive, but non-linear, relationship is demonstrated between number of seats and proportionality, number of parties, and percentage of women councillors.     

论村民自治中的直接选举

村民自治必须确立直接选举原则,文章从直接选举在村民自治中的地位、直接选举的实质以及竞选在直接选举中的价值等方面进行了论述。     

mtDNAprofiler: A Web Application for the Nomenclature and Comparison of Human Mitochondrial DNA Sequences,

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a valuable tool in the fields of forensic, population, and medical genetics. However, recording and comparing mtDNA control region or entire genome sequences would be difficult if researchers are not familiar with mtDNA nomenclature conventions. Therefore, mtDNAprofiler, a Web application, was designed for the analysis and comparison of mtDNA sequences in a string format or as a list of mtDNA single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (mtSNPs). mtDNAprofiler which comprises four mtDNA sequence‐analysis tools (mtDNA nomenclature, mtDNA assembly, mtSNP conversion, and mtSNP concordance‐check) supports not only the accurate analysis of mtDNA sequences via an automated nomenclature function, but also consistent management of mtSNP data via direct comparison and validity‐check functions. Since mtDNAprofiler consists of four tools that are associated with key steps of mtDNA sequence analysis, mtDNAprofiler will be helpful for researchers working with mtDNA. mtDNAprofiler is freely available at http://mtprofiler.yonsei.ac.kr .     

鼠抗人转铁蛋白单链抗体基因的构建

目的为了得到可经载体连接表达、并只由抗体可变区构成的单链抗体基因而进行本实验.方法经扩增得到的鼠抗人转铁蛋白抗体轻、重链可变区基因经凝胶电泳分离、离心柱纯化及定量,同能柔性折叠的一段短连接肽基因一起进行扩增拼接反应,而后在含限切酶位点的引物指导下扩增引入限切酶SfiI和NotI的酶切位点识别序列,产物以电泳鉴定、纯化和定量,再分别用SfiI和NotI酶切消化,最后再柱纯化.结果得到了携带可与载体连接的粘性末端的鼠抗人转铁蛋白单链抗体基因.结论两个不同的基因通过两端含互补序列的第三个基因片断可只经过扩增而无需DNA连接酶的作用而连接起来.对于抗体基因可由此而产生新的轻重链基因的组合,有可能产生性能更优异的抗体.     

村民自治条件下农村基层党组织领导方式的调查与思考

山西农村党组织发挥领导核心作用的状况是 :30 %发挥作用多 ;6 0 %属于中等 ;10 %发挥作用比较差。转变农村基层党组织的领导方式势在必行 ,这是执政党实现领导的本质要求 ;是执政党执政规律的内在要求 ;是实行村民自治的迫切要求