我国刑事诉讼卷宗移送方式的困境及其改革出路

我国原刑事诉讼法采用的全部卷宗移送方式因易导致法官预断而致庭审流于形式,在刑事诉讼法修改时遭到废弃。新刑事诉讼法采用的部分卷宗移送主义因其改革的不彻底性又产生了种种弊端。部分学者因之提出了借鉴“起诉状一本主义”改革我国卷宗移送方式的思路。但在我国刑事诉讼改革方向尚不明确,起诉状一本主义需要的各项配套制度尚未建立的情况下,贸然实施起诉状一本主义必然导致制度内部的冲突,甚而会因制度的反作用而产生始料未及的结果。因此,暂缓实行与我国诉讼制度适应性前景无法预料的“起诉状一本主义”,结合我国国情,重塑预审程序,实现庭审法官和预审法官的职责分离,将卷宗移送划分为向预审法官的证据移送和向庭审法官的证据移送是较为合理选择。     

票决制的思考

票决制是现代民主政治的一种基本的程序制度 ,也是体现党内民主、实现集体科学决策的重要手段。改革开放以来 ,我党在以票决制进行党内重大问题决策中经过不断探索 ,已初步形成了一些富有成效的方法、程序和制度 ,尽管还存在一些不完善之处 ,但是随着政治体制改革的深入和党内民主建设的推进 ,票决制将会日益完备并发挥越来越大的作用     

Australia's Political Institutions and the Corruption of Public Opinion1

This article explores structural causes for the decline in the quality of Australia's political and policy conversations. Three are nominated. The first concerns the changing role of the major party organisations. These no longer contribute to agenda setting; they are no longer forums for activist and interest mobilisation; they no longer mobilise and cue a mass base. The second structural change concerns the rise in the role of the media. This is now the primary bridge between the formal political system and the surrounding society, a role for which it is singularly ill‐equipped. The third change concerns the misalignment between the formal political system and Australian society. The formal system was formed in the early twentieth century when Australian society was broadly divided by class allegiance. Those days are long gone. Class has decomposed. A variety of new concerns differentiate and pluralise social attitudes. Possible remedies are then discussed.     

浅论制作刑事现场照片的规范性问题

刑事现场照片能客观而形象地反映犯罪现场的状况 ,对侦破案件具有非常重要的作用。因此 ,必须高度重视现场照片的制卷工作 ,即 :1、标准化的现场照片卷宗 ;2、现场照片的标准化制作 ;3、现场照片的规范化编排、制卷。     

行政听证制度：公民参与公共行政的重要制度

现代民主宪政的运作和发展关键在于政治参与 ,参与是民主法制的基石。听证作为公民参与公共行政的重要制度已成为当今世界各国行政程序法的核心内容。尽管在不同的国家 ,听证制度有其不同但同样深厚的理论基础 ,从行政程序的角度看 ,其所要求和体现的价值和功能却是一致的。分析我国行政听证制度的现状和价值目标 ,并从公民参与公共行政的理念及其双赢思维的角度来进行阐述 ,旨在促进我国行政听证制度在行政程序和行政法治中良性地发展。     

累积投票制度探析

累积投票制度已为世界上许多公司广泛采用 ,作为一种股东行使投票权的制度 ,它在保护中、小股东利益方面起到了重要作用 ,而我国公司法中对此却无规定 ,实为缺憾。本文对累积投票制度作了浅显的探讨 ,以期对完善我国公司立法有所助益     

Candidates' Ideological Locations,Abstention, and Turnout in U.S. Midterm Senate Elections

Many spatial models of voting suggest that citizens are more likely to abstain when they feel indifferent toward the candidates or alienated from them. In presidential elections, previous research offers evidence that alienation and indifference affect individuals' probabilities of voting. We find evidence that indifference and alienation also affect the decision to vote in midterm Senate elections, a context not previously explored. These individual-level effects imply that candidates' ideological locations should influence aggregate turnout by affecting the proportions of citizens who feel indifferent toward or alienated from the candidates. Our aggregate-level analysis supports this (at least in contests featuring two previous and/or future members of Congress). Our findings underscore the importance of the electoral context for understanding citizen behavior and suggest that elections featuring at least one centrist candidate may be normatively appealing since they stimulate participation.     

Mexicans react to electoral fraud and political corruption: an assessment of public opinion and voting behavior

Despite various electoral reforms enacted in Mexico between 1988 and 1994, large numbers of Mexicans doubted the honesty of elections and the general integrity of their country's policy making process. Such doubts did not automatically lead, however, to support for opposition parties that called for greater democratization. Rather, voter preferences were largely dependent on judgments about the opposition's viability and competence. Widespread suspicions about fraud and corruption in Mexico did affect electoral outcomes by making it less likely that potential opposition supporters turned out to vote. Data are drawn from seven national public opinion surveys conducted in Mexico in 1986, 1988, 1991, 1994 (3 polls), and 1995.     

Dog Whistles and Democratic Mandates

Manipulative mixed messages from candidates to voters affect what governments are entitled to do in office. A party that wins an election gains a 'mandate to rule'. But there is a second type of mandate: a 'policy mandate' to enact specific policy proposals central to the winning party's campaign. Mixed-message politics in general can undermine policy mandates, and the use of 'dog whistle politics' - telling one group of voters one thing, while allowing or encouraging another group to believe another - makes the inferring of policy mandates especially problematic. Referendums provide only a partial remedy to dog whistle politics. Winning a clear policy mandate means forgoing dog whistle politics, despite the short term electoral advantage they may deliver.     

Strategic voting,information, and ethnicity in emerging democracies: Evidence from Kenya

This paper explores the conditions under which voters in emerging democracies support non-viable candidates. We argue that cognitive biases and the geographic clustering of minor-party supporters in ethno-political enclaves lead to misperceptions about the electoral prospects of minor-party candidates, weakening strategic defections both among co-ethnic and non-co-ethnic supporters. We explore these arguments using original survey data from Kenya's 2007 presidential election, a contest that featured a minor-party candidate, Kalonzo Musyoka, who stood little chance of electoral victory. Despite this, results show that most of his supporters chose to vote for the candidate, failing to perceive that he was not a viable contender. The findings suggest that theories of political behavior in multi-ethnic settings can be enriched by drawing upon insights from the political psychology literature on belief formation.