What do forensic analysts consider relevant to their decision making?

In response to research demonstrating that irrelevant contextual information can bias forensic science analyses, authorities have increasingly urged laboratories to limit analysts' access to irrelevant and potentially biasing information (Dror and Cole (2010) [3]; National Academy of Sciences (2009) [18]; President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (2016) [22]; UK Forensic Science Regulator (2015) [26]). However, a great challenge in implementing this reform is determining which information is task-relevant and which is task-irrelevant. In the current study, we surveyed 183 forensic analysts to examine what they consider relevant versus irrelevant in their forensic analyses. Results revealed that analysts generally do not regard information regarding the suspect or victim as essential to their analytic tasks. However, there was significant variability among analysts within and between disciplines. Findings suggest that forensic science disciplines need to agree on what they regard as task-relevant before context management procedures can be properly implemented. The lack of consensus about what is relevant information not only leaves room for biasing information, but also reveals foundational gaps in what analysts consider crucial in forensic decision making.     

步巡盘查战术演练中常见问题及其对策

近年来我国各地暴力袭警案件时有发生,综合分析这些已发生的暴力袭警案件,多数因公安民警在执行清查、盘查、检查和缉捕等警务活动中防范、控制不当而造成的。因此,在平时对公安民警进行的盘查战术演练中,应进一步增强基层民警临战意识,提高民警安全防范能力,坚决贯彻依法、合理、有效使用武器的指导思想,尽快加强和提高基层民警警务战术的实战能力,避免不必要的伤亡事故。     

反恐、保护人权与世界和平

从国际法,尤其是国际人权法的角度,探讨“反恐与保护人权与基本自由”的关系问题。文章认为,恐怖主义严重侵犯人权,但反恐与保护人权是相辅相成的关系,反恐措施不当也会侵害人权,并对国际反恐斗争产生严重负面影响。因此,在打击恐怖主义的同时,我们也要保护人权和基本自由,注意二者的兼容性,而不应顾此失彼。在国际层面上,国际联合反恐必须纳入国际法和国际反恐公约的框架内,应以促进和平与发展、保障基本人权为最终目的。这样才能实现反恐与人权保护的协调发展,促进世界和平与安全。     

A NEW LOOK AT AN OLD ISSUE:

In 1997, the Office of Child Support Enforcement initiated the State Child Access and Visitation (AV) Grant Program, which involves annual awards of $10 million to states to promote the development of programs to alleviate access problems. Telephone interviews with 970 parents who used mediation, parent education, and supervised visitation programs funded by AV grants in nine states revealed that the programs are reaching diverse groups of parents including many low-income, non-White, and unmarried parents who receive no other type of access assistance. The programs also appear to be achieving the major objectives posited for them by the federal government. One-third to one-half of noncustodial parents in every program type reported that parent–child contact increased following program participation, with supervised visitation users who typically had the lowest levels of parent–child contact reporting a significant increase in the number of days of contact. A review of child support records for 173 program users in three states revealed that child support payments increased among participants following program participation, especially for never-married parents who paid a significantly higher proportion of what they owed. These findings are similar to results reported in a five-state study of mediation programs funded by AV grants that was conducted by the Office of the Inspector General. However, both studies have some serious limitations, including low response rates and the absence of a nontreatment comparison group.     

试析《国际统一私法协会国际商事合同通则》的性质和功能

《国际统一私法协会国际商事合同通则》(简称《通则》)依其设计具有六种功能。实证分析表明,《通则》作为国际商事合同准据法的功能和作为解释工具的功能都得到了一定程度的实现。《通则》已经是现实中的实在法,是一种优良的法律资源。从《通则》的功能看其性质,可以将《通则》定性为特殊的合同法国际重述,即:《通则》是可以作为国际商事合同适用法的、部分内容可以视为国际商事惯例之成文编纂的、法典化的国际商事合同法重述。《通则》的出现使国际商法的发展进程产生了质的飞跃。我国法院、仲裁庭和企业可以考虑改变对通则的态度,从漠视转为积极运用。     

单边主义法律选择方法

单边主义和多边主义是国际私法中两种既对立又统一的法律适用方法。单边主义的法律适用方法在法则区别说时代就已经存在了,但在19世纪中期到20世纪初这段时期,随着法则区别说被推翻和法律关系本座说与既得权说的盛行,欧美国际私法更多地采用多边主义的法律适用方法,单边主义法律适用方法被忽视。到20世纪初,特别是在“二战”之后,随着国家对国际商事关系干预的强化,单边主义的国际私法方法分别在欧美的国际私法立法和司法中得以复兴。重新认识单边主义的国际私法方法,借鉴欧美的立法和司法经验,对中国国际私法立法和司法具有重要的现实意义。     

哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区的旅游业正在迅速崛起

哈巴罗夫斯克边疆区旅游业的特点在于出入境旅游和国内旅游同步发展。优越的地理环境为其面向中国、日本和韩国等相邻国家发展入境游创造了良好的条件，也为其发展地区旅游经济打下了坚实的基础。     

印巴关系由对抗走向缓和

本文概述了2 0 0 4年以来印巴关系走向缓和的主要情况,并分协了印巴关系的发展前景,作者认为,印巴关系真正缓和还有很长的路要走。     

马克思主义与时俱进的最新成果 --学习江泽民"5·31"重要讲话

江泽民同志“5·31”重要讲话.充分阐释了“三个代表”重要思想的时代价值、科学内涵和实践意义,是马克思主义与时俱进的最新理论成果。讲话深刻揭示了时代性和实践性的统一是马克思主义与时俱进的基本要素,“三个代表”是全球化和市场化背景中发展着的马克思主义,更是我们党完成执政兴国两大历史性任务的根本要求。贯彻“三个代表”重要思想.必将加速当代中国的文明——物质文明、精神文明和政治文明——的有机联系、协调发展、整体推进的历史进步趋势。