Hausbetreuungskosten – Verrechnung als Betriebskosten

Dem Mieter dürfen als Betriebskosten im Sinne des § 21 MRG immer nur die angemessenen Kosten verrechnet werden, gleichgültig auf welche Art die Hausbetreuungskosten erbracht werden. Die Angemessenheit des Entgelts oder Werklohns stellt daher die Obergrenze dar. Die nach früherem Recht für Hausbesorger zu leistenden Betr?ge bilden keine H?chstgrenze für die Angemessenheit.     

德国防暴警察解救人质策略

德国边防警察部队学习和借鉴其他国家防暴警察的行动战术 ,结合本国反恐怖的形势和要求 ,总结出一套行之有效的反劫持战术和解救人质策略。概括地讲 ,德国边防警察部队防暴警察和特种防暴警察在对付劫持人质事件中注重谈判技巧 ,讲求方法取胜 ,在万不得已的情况下诉诸武力 ,也要争取多方配合 ,巧施骗术 ,蒙蔽劫持者 ,给武力行动创造最佳时机 ,充分发挥武器装备的优势 ,力求速战速决 ,最大限度减少人质伤亡 ,保证反劫持解救人质行动的胜利     

近20年来台菲经贸发展之探讨

本文以台湾所推动的“南向政策”为观察点,探讨近20年来台湾与菲律宾的经贸活动。认为无论是在亚洲金融风暴发生之前或之后,赴菲律宾均非台商南向投资的首选,台商赴菲投资的意愿一向较其他东南亚各国低。     

非政府组织与菲律宾族群冲突的解决

各种因素使得困扰菲律宾多时的族群冲突迟迟得不到彻底的解决,这严重影响了菲律宾政治、经济与社会的发展.市民社会健康、和谐的发展不仅可以减少发生族群冲突的可能性,也会在缓和已有冲突并最终建立持久和平方面有所贡献.菲律宾的非政府组织在这方面做了许多尝试.     

菲律宾土地改革和粮食安全研究

菲律宾作为农业国家,经济发展落后,粮食产量供不应求。菲律宾忽视农业的制度安排导致粮食国际购买力下降,贫困率居高不下,并且一直威胁着菲律宾的粮食安全。菲律宾历届政府试图通过一系列的经济改革和土改制度安排来解决粮食危机,但效果不尽人意。本文通过对菲律宾粮食安全和土地改革的分析,发现土地改革政策的不彻底性、短期性、滞后性使政策效果大打折扣,贫困农民并没能从改革中真正获得好处。只有重视并维护农业的基础地位,彻底解决土地分配不公现象,通过全面配套改革措施,才能真正实现菲律宾粮食安全。     

The geopolitical economy of social policy in the Philippines: securitisation,emerging powers and multilateral policies

Recent geopolitical and economic changes have altered global social policy formation. The Bretton Woods multilateral development agencies (MDAs) have selectively incorporated ideas emerging from developing country states and decision makers, with a recent increased acceptance of social transfers as part of renewed efforts at poverty alleviation based on social risk management. There has been an instance in the use and promotion of conditional cash transfer (CCT) policies by MDAs. CCTs were a product of the emergence of a neo-structuralist welfare regime (understood as an ideal type) in Latin America – an attempt to reconcile neoliberal strategies of development with aspirations for guaranteed minimum incomes. The Bretton Woods and regional development bank MDAs have facilitated the adoption of CCTs in other developing countries, including the Phillipines. Here, a combination of actions by national political actors and MDAs has resulted in the implementation of a securitised and compliance-focused version of CCTs derived from the Colombian security state. Although poor Philippine households welcome income assistance, CCTs have acted to enforce further state monitoring without altering the national-based political and economic processes that replicate poverty.     

Dual-Credit Courses and the Road to College: Experimental Evidence from Tennessee

Dual-credit courses expose high school students to college-level content and provide the opportunity to earn college credits, in part to smooth the transition to college. With the Tennessee Department of Education, we conduct the first randomized controlled trial of the effects of dual-credit math coursework on a range of high school and college outcomes. We find that the dual-credit advanced algebra course alters students’ subsequent high school math course-taking, reducing enrollment in remedial math and boosting enrollment in precalculus and Advanced Placement math courses. We fail to detect an effect of the dual-credit math course on overall rates of college enrollment. However, the course induces some students to choose four-year universities instead of two-year colleges, particularly for those in the middle of the math achievement distribution and those first exposed to the opportunity to take the course in eleventh rather than twelfth grade. We see limited evidence of improvements in early math performance during college.     

Employee Satisfaction With Work‐life Balance Policies And Organizational Commitment: A Philippine Study

This study investigates the relationship between public employees' satisfaction with work‐life balance policies (WLBPs) and organizational commitment in the relatively unexplored Philippine context. Our findings show that (i) employees' overall satisfaction with WLBPs is positively related to organizational commitment, (ii) when specific WLBPs are examined, only satisfaction with health and wellness programs are positively associated with organizational commitment, and (iii) when accounting for employees' preferences for WLBPs, compensatory time‐off, childcare policy, health insurance benefits, and paid sick leave are positively related to organizational commitment. The findings indicate that understanding which WLBPs employees prefer is important before implementing WLBPs. The article discusses the theoretical and practical implications of this study in the developing country context. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Civil society support for military coups: Bangladesh and the Philippines

As of yet, civil society support for military coups has hardly been investigated in depth. This article compares the attempted military coup in 2006 against Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, which received support from prominent civil society leaders, to the collaboration between civil society actors and the military-backed Caretaker Government that ruled Bangladesh from 2007 to 2008. It argues that in both cases, civil society support for military intervention can be traced to the weakness of the state.     

论处置劫持人质案件工作预案

劫持人质案件处置工作具有复杂性,处置结果具有难以明确预见的特点。制定处置劫持人质案件工作预案应当体现超前性、专业性和可操作性,处置劫持人质案件工作预案的程序性作用在于：有利于使警方的处置过程及处置结果接受社会舆论监督;有助于使当事人及其家属接受处置结果;有助于明确民警职责,形成处置人员保护机制。处置劫持人质案件工作预案的实体性意义在于有利于警方高效、有序地开展处置工作,确保处置活动成功,其制作过程包括调查研究阶段、预案形成阶段以及预案评估阶段。