累犯的刑事责任若干问题探讨

累犯中“应当从重处罚”的“从重”，是较初犯从重进行处罚；尽管刑法规定了累犯不得假释，但累犯却不应当排除适用假释；解决数罪累犯的处罚问题，单纯采用“先并罚后从重说”与“先从重后并罚说”中的一种不行，应当依据数罪累犯的类型将两者结合起来。对累犯完全有必要适用加重处罚原则，但通过司法解释增加盗窃累犯“加重处罚原则”不妥，有必要在立法上予以补充规定。     

The Tragedy of Public Housing: Spatial Analysis of Hotspots of Aggravated Assaults in Louisville, KY (1989–1998)

In a community-level analysis, this study examines violent crime hot spots and displacement patterns in the city of Louisville, KY, from 1989 to 1998. Park DuValle, a neighborhood in Louisville, KY, was one of the major historic hot spots for assaults until 1998. The revitalization of the two vulnerable low-income public housing developments in Park DuValle, combined with the acquisition of nearby dilapidated and unattended private property by the Housing Authority of Louisville, caused a shift in the clustering pattern of assaults at Park DuValle in the 1997 and 1998. Maps revealed that assaults were displaced from the Park DuValle neighborhood to the Central Business District—the neighborhood where the majority of former residents of the Park DuValle public housing units were relocated. Both Park DuValle and the Center Business District were associated with low-income census blocks in Louisville, KY. These low-income public housing developments have exhibited a higher incidence of aggravated assaults. The results are discussed in the context of the possible revitalization of low-income public housing units. The study concludes that clustering and displacement of assault hot spots as well as emphasis on the decentralization of low-income residents need to be addressed further.     

Contract Damages, Corrective Justice and Punishment

This article re-examines the established principle that contract damages compensate but do not punish from the theoretical perspective of corrective justice and, in particular, the version advocated by Professor Ernest Weinrib. Weinrib argues that corrective justice affirms the traditional view that contract damages should be circumscribed by compensatory functions, and the notion of punitive damages is inconsistent with the structure of corrective justice and hence contractual rights. The correctness of this conclusion depends, however, on what is understood by punishment. This article argues that punishment is not necessarily explicable only as a form of state punishment, but may (adopting the retributive idea of punishment expounded by Jane Hampton) also be understood as a form of correlatively-structured response that redresses the moral injury inflicted by one's conduct on another. If that is the case, punitive damages for breach of contract may be justified even within the framework of corrective justice.     

Multiple Wrongdoing and Offence Structure: A Plea for Consistency and Fair Labelling

Crimes come in all shapes and sizes, but relatively little work has been done on offence structure – Robinson's recent functional analysis is perhaps the one obvious exception. This article concentrates on incidents of multiple wrongdoing and suggests that the current substantive law is both inconsistent and confusing. Burglary, for example, is unnecessarily narrowly defined and should be expanded to include broadly similar scenarios. The law is confusing because it conflates qualitatively very different incidents under the same umbrella – serial killers, for example, commit the same crimes as those who kill multiple victims by one act. Not only does the law fly in the face of common sense but it conflicts with the principle of fair labelling – that crimes be defined to reflect their wrongfulness and severity – which seeks to fulfil some important functions in the criminal justice system.     

故意伤害致死案件的因果关系认定

故意伤害罪是一种典型的结果加重犯，故意伤害致死案件的因果关系具有客观性、法律性和直接性等特征。在司法实践中，应查明被害人受侵害前的原始状况，被害人死亡的直接原因，侵害行为的性质与程度和有无消极因素的介入，以科学认定故意伤害致死案件的因果关系。     

犯罪加重构成基本问题研究

犯罪加重构成 (加重犯 )是一种复杂但在刑法中又比较常见的犯罪形态 ,它是一种在基本构成基础之上又具备了加重要件 (加重因素 )的相对独立的犯罪构成形态。犯罪加重构成与故意犯罪形态的关系是复杂的 ;从学理上说 ,加重构成存在未完成形态的可能性 ;犯罪加重构成的罪数形态也是十分复杂的 ,需要仔细研究。     

论抢劫罪既遂与未遂的区分标准

犯罪既遂与未遂的区分应以形式与实质相结合为标准。抢劫罪既遂的标准是形式上齐备构成要件,实质上对公私财产权益造成了实质的侵害,这一标准对于抢劫罪普通犯和加重犯(包括结果加重犯和情节加重犯)都是适用的。加重犯本身无所谓既遂未遂,加重犯的既未遂实质就是所依附的基本犯罪的既未遂。