艾灸对腹泻型肠易激综合征模型大鼠海马与结肠组织中IKKβ/IKBα/NF-κB通路的影响

目的观察艾灸对腹泻型肠易激综合征(diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome,IBS-D)模型大鼠海马与结肠组织中核因子κB抑制蛋白(inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B,IκB)激酶β(IκB kinase beta,IKKβ)、核因子κB抑制蛋白α(NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha,IKBα)、核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa B,NF-κB)(P65)相对表达水平的影响,探讨艾灸治疗IBS-D的机制。方法将24只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组和艾灸组,每组8只。采用慢性束缚联合番泻叶灌胃方法建立IBS-D大鼠模型。艾灸组予以艾灸"天枢""上巨虚",每日30min,每日1次,共治疗7d。治疗后,观察大鼠稀便率和直肠扩张所引起腹部回缩反射(abdominal withdrawal reflex,AWR)的最小容量阈值;蛋白质印迹法检测海马和结肠组织中IKKβ、IKBα、NF-κB(P65)蛋白表达水平。结果与空白组比较,模型组AWR的最小容量阈值明显下降(P<0.05),稀便率明显升高(P<0.05);海马和结肠组织中IKKβ、IKBα、NF-κB(P65)蛋白表达水平明显增加(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,艾灸组AWR的最小容量阈值明显升高(P<0.05),稀便率明显下降(P<0.05);海马和结肠组织中IKKβ、IKBα、NF-κB(P65)蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结论艾灸"天枢""上巨虚"改善IBS-D大鼠腹泻症状和内脏高敏感性可能与艾灸抑制海马与结肠组织IKKβ/IKBα/NF-κB信号通路有关,且其作用机制可能是通过脑-肠轴途径实现的。     

电针对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠脑肠肽类激素的影响

目的:探讨电针“百会”、“印堂”、“天枢”穴改善抑郁症消化功能障碍的机制。方法:将30只SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、电针组,每组10只。用放射免疫法测定脑肠肽类激素下丘脑生长抑素(SS)和血清胃泌素(GAS)的含量。结果:慢性应激抑郁型模型大鼠下丘脑SS显著下降和血清GAS显著升高(P<0.01);电针可以升高下丘脑SS和降低血清GAS含量(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:调节脑肠肽类激素的释放,可能是电针改善抑郁状态下大鼠消化功能的作用途径之一。     

杜维明“新轴心文明”的历史意义和现实困境

杜维明＂新轴心文明＂理念通过对启蒙的反思和多元现代性论域的开拓,揭示出了＂新轴心时代＂文明的发展特点;从文明对话、启蒙反思、儒家人文精神弘扬入手,强调＂新轴心文明＂的历史意义。但该理念关于普世价值的建构、儒家思想的现代转化、文明对话可行性等阐述带有盲目的乐观性,结合现实多元文明互相冲突的困境,杜氏理论还有失偏颇。     

肉用鸡垂体-肾上腺轴与免疫功能关系的研究

以艾维茵肉鸡为试验动物,研究了垂体-肾上腺轴在传染性腔上囊病病毒(IBDV)强毒株攻击时对免疫系统的调节作用.结果表明,用IBDV强毒株攻击后,试验鸡垂体-肾上腺轴活动加强,血清促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)和皮质酮(F)上升,抗IBDV抗体、白细胞介素2(IL-2)和白细胞介素3(IL-3)上升,T淋巴细胞转化率下降.未经IBD疫苗免疫的鸡由于免疫系统遭到IBDV破坏,在IBDV强毒株攻毒后,抗IBDV抗体、IL-2和IL-3的上升幅度均比经IBD疫苗免疫的低.试验鸡血清ACTH和F分别与抗IBDV抗体、IL-2和IL-3呈显著正相关,与T淋巴细胞转化率呈显著负相关,显示机体受病原微生物攻击后垂体-肾上腺轴对免疫系统的调节作用,即增强特异性免疫反应,抑制非特异性免疫细胞的扩增.     

近代女性自我发展研究--基于家庭中心的演变过程的分析

中国传统社会要求女性以家庭为中心,围绕“父子轴”,努力扮演好贤妻良母的家庭角色,即女性的“三个自我”：女儿、妻子、母亲。近代西力东侵、西学东渐引起中国社会的变革,传统家庭运作模式以及两性社会分工和权力关系出现新的变化。这些刺激了传统女性走出家庭中心,家不再成为女性的场域边界和道德束缚。近代女性走出家庭中心有3种途径。近代以来女性在解放和发展历程中,走出传统家庭相对容易,走出以家庭为中心的传统角色难;摆脱对男性的依附容易,实现社会自立、人格独立难;拓展社会领域容易,维系公私领域中角色的平衡难。     

脾虚证大鼠甘草甜素药物动力学特征与胃肠动力的关系研究

目的：探讨脾虚证大鼠甘草甜素（ＧＬ）的药物动力学（ＰＫ）特征,并从胃排空、脑－肠肽两方面探讨其机制。方法：利用血平作用于大鼠１４ｄ,复制实验性脾虚模型（Ｃ组）;用四君子汤（Ａ组）和六味地黄汤（Ｂ组）治疗以反证;用高效液相色谱（ＨＰＬＣ）法测定大鼠体内ＧＬ的血药浓度;用同位素检测其胃液体排空功能;用放射免疫分析法（ＲＩＡ）分析下丘脑和血浆中胃动素（ＭＯＴ）、胆囊收缩素（ＣＣＫ）及生长抑素（ＳＳ）的浓     

Introducing Computed Tomography Standards for Age Estimation of Modern Australian Subadults Using Postnatal Ossification Timings of Select Cranial and Cervical Sites,

Contemporary, population‐specific ossification timings of the cranium are lacking in current literature due to challenges in obtaining large repositories of documented subadult material, forcing Australian practitioners to rely on North American, arguably antiquated reference standards for age estimation. This study assessed the temporal pattern of ossification of the cranium and provides recalibrated probabilistic information for age estimation of modern Australian children. Fusion status of the occipital and frontal bones, atlas, and axis was scored using a modified two‐ to four‐tier system from cranial/cervical DICOM datasets of 585 children aged birth to 10 years. Transition analysis was applied to elucidate maximum‐likelihood estimates between consecutive fusion stages, in conjunction with Bayesian statistics to calculate credible intervals for age estimation. Results demonstrate significant sex differences in skeletal maturation (p < 0.05) and earlier timings in comparison with major literary sources, underscoring the requisite of updated standards for age estimation of modern individuals.     

金大中"阳光政策"的两难处境与当前的朝鲜半岛形势

由于"9.11"事件的发生,美国的军事外交战略发生了的重大变化,而布什在今年1月29日发表的"国情咨文"中又公开点名朝鲜,伊拉克,伊朗为"邪恶轴心",从此朝鲜半岛的形势开始震荡起来.韩国政府和美国布什政府在朝鲜半岛问题上产生了裂痕.本文分析了金大中"阳光政策"遇到的困难和朝鲜半岛形势的症结所在以及可预见的前景.     

Eastward Enlargement of the European Union and the Identity of Europe

The constitution of a European demos with a collective identity is one of the preconditions for adjusting the legitimacy problem of the European Union (EU). The analysis attempts to clarify empirically whether there is sufficient commonality regarding Europeans' political value orientations to substantiate a collective identity. Particularly in view of the European Union's eastward enlargement, the question arises whether widespread cultural heterogeneity in Europe allows the formation of a European demos at all. In Europe we can identify a West-East axis of political value orientations. Democratic attitudes decrease the further to the East while at the same time there is an increase in etatist orientations. Thresholds can be observed which distinguish Western European countries on the one hand and Central and Eastern European countries on the other. Within the group of Central and Eastern Europe a further distinction can be made between the three Slavic republics of the former Soviet Union and the rest of the countries. These findings support Huntington's theory of civilisations.     

The Use of Femoral Neck Axis Length to Estimate Sex and Ancestry

Having multiple reliable methods of estimating sex and ancestry from various skeletal features increases the likelihood of identifying skeletal remains. Femoral neck axis length (FNAL), as measured in living individuals, has been shown to vary by sex and ancestry. FNAL has not, however, been previously measured directly from skeletonized remains and investigated for its potential use in forensic anthropological applications. This research proposes a method for measuring FNAL from skeletal remains, determines the reliability and repeatability of the measurement, and assesses the validity of FNAL in sex and ancestry estimation. Results showed low interobserver error in the measurement of FNAL (TEM = 0.33 mm, R = 0.99). Significant differences in FNAL were found between sexes as well as between American Black, American White, and Native American groups. FNAL can correctly classify sex in ~86% of all cases and is considered valuable to sex estimation. The value of FNAL to ancestry estimation, however, is considered limited.