中西医结合治疗肺结核108例

目的：探讨中药回生灵系列与化疗药物相结合治疗肺结核的疗效。方法：将２０５例肺结核住院患者分为两组,治疗组１０８例,对照组９７例,进行临床疗效的对比分析,结果：治疗组具有迅速缓解肺结核症状,减轻化疗的不良反应和耐药性,促进病灶吸收好转,提高免疫力等功效。     

Thousands of years of Malay and Chinese population history in Indonesia and its implication on Paternity Index in DNA paternity testing

The existence of the Chinese population in the predominantly Malay population in Indonesia can be traced back thousands of years, and it has been suspected that it played an essential role in the history of the Malay population origin in Maritime South East Asia. With the fact that the Malay-Indonesian population is currently predominant compared to the Chinese population in Indonesia (Chinese-Indonesian), the selection of the origin of the STRs allele frequency panel population becomes an issue in DNA profiling, including in paternity testing. This study analyses the genetic relationship between the Chinese-Indonesian and Malay-Indonesian populations and how this affects the Paternity Index (PI) ??calculation in paternity test cases. The study of the relationship between populations was carried out using neighbour-joining (NJ) tree analysis and multidimensional scaling (MDS) on the allele frequency panel of 19 autosomal STRs loci of Malay-Indonesian (n = 210) and Chinese-Indonesian (n = 78) populations. Four population groups were used as references: Malay-Malaysian, Filipino, Chinese, and Caucasian. An MDS analysis was also performed based on the pairwise F_ST calculation. The combined Paternity Index (CPI) calculation was carried out on 132 paternity cases from the Malay-Indonesian population with inclusive results using a panel of allele frequencies from the six populations. The pairwise F_ST MDS indicates a closer relationship between the Chinese-Indonesian and Malay-Indonesian compared to the Chinese population, which is in line with the CPIs comparison test. The outcome suggests that the alternative use of allele frequency database between Malay-Indonesian and Chinese-Indonesian for CPI calculations is not very influential. These results can also be considered in studying the extent of genetic assimilation between the two populations. In addition, these results support the robustness claim of multivariate analysis to represent phenomena that phylogenetic analyses may not be able to demonstrate, especially for massive panel data.     

再论多警种合成作战的原则

警务合成作战与军队合成作战之间既有共同点又有明显的区别,确定警务合成作战的原则要坚持“四结合”:在指挥体制机制建设上,坚持集中统一与灵活机动相结合;在情报信息收集和处理上,坚持广泛收集与集中处理相结合;在组织体制机制建设上,坚持平时工作与战时行动相结合;在教育训练体制机制建设上,坚持教育培训与警务实战相结合.     

论司法鉴定“两结合”管理模式的精髓

对司法鉴定实行行政管理和行业管理＂两结合＂的管理模式,简称为＂两结合＂管理模式。研究,揭示这种管理模式的精髓,有助于深刻了解这种管理模式的内涵,理顺司法行政机关与行业协会之间的相互关系,不断完善这种管理模式,推动司法鉴定行业的健康发展。     

“Regulation,I presume?” said the robot – Towards an iterative regulatory process for robot governance

This article envisions an iterative regulatory process for robot governance. In the article, we argue that what lacks in robot governance is actually a backstep mechanism that can coordinate and align robot and regulatory developers. In order to solve that problem, we present a theoretical model that represents a step forward in the coordination and alignment of robot and regulatory development. Our work builds on previous literature, and explores modes of alignment and iteration towards greater closeness in the nexus between research and development (R&D) and regulatory appraisal and channeling of robotics’ development. To illustrate practical challenges and solutions, we explore different examples of (related) types of communication processes between robot developers and regulatory bodies. These examples help illuminate the lack of formalization of the policymaking process, and the loss of time and resources that the waste of knowledge generated for future robot governance instruments implies. We argue that initiatives that fail to formalize the communication process between different actors and that propose the mere creation of coordinating agencies risk being seriously ineffective. We propose an iterative regulatory process for robot governance, which combines the use of an ex ante robot impact assessment for legal/ethical appraisal, and evaluation settings as data generators, and an ex post legislative evaluation instrument that eases the revision, modification and update of the normative instrument. In all, the model breathes the concept of creating dynamic evidence-based policies that can serve as temporary benchmark for future and/or new uses or robot developments. Our contribution seeks to provide a thoughtful proposal that avoids the current mismatch between existing governmental approaches and what is needed for effective ethical/legal oversight, in the hope that this will inform the policy debate and set the scene for further research.     

侦查“合成战”之理念

合成战不仅仅是不同警种的合成,它包括侦查手段、侦查机制、侦查体制、侦查理念四个层面。合成战是这四个层面的侦查资源的全面发展、协调有序的综合体。树立"合成战"理念,应当遵循比例性原则、必要性原则和效益性原则。"合成战"在"四战"中位居核心和统领地位。     

论居正的法律思想

居正是中国近代有重要影响的法律家,其从中国富强民主的目标出发,形成了内涵丰富的法律思想。孙中山的三民主义构成其法律思想的最高指导原则,“厉行法治”“、司法党化”“、以德辅法”以及“混合法”等四个方面构成了居正法律思想的主干。尤其是他的“混合法”思想具有明显的时代特色。居正的法律思想不仅推动了中国近代的法律进步,对于当代社会也不无裨益。     

食品药品监督执法中“数过并罚”之探讨

我国行政法体系中目前还没有＂数过并罚＂的概念或相关规定,但在食品药品监督行政执法过程中,会适用《药品管理法》、《食品安全法》、《保健食品管理办法》、《化妆品卫生监督条例》、《医疗器械监督管理条例》及配套的相关法规和规章,经常出现类似于刑法中的＂数罪并罚＂的情形,笔者暂且称之为＂数过并罚＂,不少执法者对此感到困惑。笔者结合法学理论知识简要分析＂数过并罚＂的概念和构成要件,分析部分部门规章对＂数过并罚＂的相关规定,从这些规章的立法精神和执法实践层面探讨＂数过并罚＂的适用规则。     

人之发展与法的规制

从技术上说,人有三个基本属性,即生死、财产和性。当代社会与初民社会在这三方面有不同侧重,在初民社会（特别是中国社会）是＂家庭——国家＂同构关系,在当下则是＂公司——国家＂同构关系。中国的法治、甚至政治体制的现代化在一定程度上就是从家国同构,走向公司与国家同构,至少在经济领域应该如是。在中国的现代化过程中,必须以人为中心,以实现人内在三大基本属性为主旨;在创设各种新的组织以及随附而来的法律规制中,必须贯穿上述理念。     

Doxepin and nordoxepin concentrations in body fluids and tissues in doxepin associated deaths

Body fluids and tissues in eight doxepin (Dox)-related deaths were investigated in order to prove whether the individual concentration of Dox, the concentration sum of parent drug and its active metabolite N-desmethyldoxepin (NDox) or the concentration ratio Dox/Ndox valuably contribute to making a cause of death determination. Individual case histories were shortly described. Dox and NDox concentrations were determined by LC–MS/MS. Dox concentration measured from two cases was well within a concentration range considered therapeutic, whereas subtherapeutic dosing may have occurred in another two cases. There were two cases of fatal Dox ingestion, as well as a case of high dosage and advanced putrefaction, respectively. The liver concentration sum may be more useful if a fatal ingestion cannot be clearly separated from a person's medication usage. High concentrations could be observed in lung tissue, and combined concentrations of Dox and NDox may also be helpful in making a cause of death determination. There was a trend to a higher concentration sum in the brain with increasing combined levels in blood. Overall, the sum of the absolute figures allows a more accurate interpretation in Dox-related deaths as compared to the molar concentration ratio which may be helpful in acute ingestion. Determination of the N-desmethyl metabolite along with its parent is recommended and analysis should include more than a single specimen.