关于“安乐死”立法化的理论思考

"安乐死"问题事关生死大事,跨越社会、伦理、法律、医学等学科,争议由来已久。对死亡问题进行哲学思辨,目的在于揭示安乐死的哲学基础并寻求共识。对安乐死问题进行伦理分析和文化兼容性思考,有助于突破安乐死问题中国化所面对的两大障碍。研究并解决好这些问题,是实现安乐死立法化的必由之路。     

Rethinking the one-stop-shop mechanism: Legal certainty and legitimate expectation

This paper aims to contribute to the discussion concerning the one-stop-shop mechanism proposed in the General Data Protection Regulation (hereinafter “GDPR”). The choice of regulation as the instrument to legislate on data protection is already an unmistakable indication that unification and simplification (together with respect of data subjects' interests) shall be the guide for every legal discussion on the matter. The one-stop-shop mechanism (hereinafter “OSS”) clearly reflects the unification and simplification which the reform aims for. We believe that OSS is logically connected with the idea of one Data Protection Authority (hereinafter “DPA”) with an exclusive jurisdiction and that this can only mean that, given one controller, no other DPA can be a competent authority.² In other words, OSS implies a single and comprehensive competent authority of a given controller. In our analysis we argue that such architecture: a) works well with the “consistency mechanism”; b) provides guarantees to data subjects for a clear allocation of powers (legal certainty); and c) is not at odds with the complaint lodging procedure. Our position on fundamental questions is as follows. What is the perimeter of competence of the DPA in charge? We believe that it should have enforcement power on every issue of the controller, including issuing the fines. How to reconcile such dominant role of one DPA with the principle of co-operation among DPAs? We do not consider co-operation at odds with the rule that decisions are taken by just one single authority. Finally, we share some suggestions on how to make the jurisdiction allocation mechanism (the main establishment criterion) more straightforward.     

The devil is in the detail: deception and consistency over repeated interviews

ABSTRACT

Research indicates that truthful statements typically contain more details than fabricated statements, and that truth tellers are no more consistent than liars over multiple interviews. In this experiment, we examine the impact of (i) multiple interviewers and (ii) reverse order recall on liars’ and truth tellers’ consistency and amount of reported detail over repeated recall attempts. Participants either took part in a mock crime (lying condition) or an innocent event (truth telling condition) which they were subsequently interviewed about in two separate interview phases. Truth tellers provided more details overall, and more reminiscent details than liars. There were no differences between veracity groups for the number of omissions made or repetitions reported. Despite the popular belief that inconsistency is a cue to deception, we found little support for the notion that consistency (or lack of consistency) offers a diagnostic cue to deception. We found little evidence that switching interviewer or recalling in reverse order induced inconsistencies in liars. In fact, due to the number of reminiscent details in truth tellers’ accounts, our findings suggest that accounts provided by liars tend to be slightly more consistent than those provided by truth tellers. Materials for this paper can be found at osf.io/hgvmk/.     

合并与分离:刑事附带民事诉讼制度的反思与重构

刑事附带民事诉讼制度的立法目的在于减轻诉累 ,提高诉讼效率 ,保证正确处理刑事案件 ,维护司法判决的统一性和严肃性 ,维护国家、集体财产利益以及被害人的合法权益。但随着法制建设的不断进步 ,民事实体和程序法律的不断完善 ,刑事附带民事诉讼制度的实践价值受到质疑。同时由于我国在立法规范和制度设计上的缺陷 ,导致附带民事诉讼缺乏独立性、救济范围过于狭窄 ,从而造成了对被害人的利益保护不足。因此 ,总结我国的立法和司法实践 ,借鉴各国立法经验 ,强化刑事案件民事赔偿救济程序的独立性 ,逐步实现刑事诉讼与民事诉讼的分立 ,将成为重构我国刑事附带民事诉讼的立法趋势     

司马迁的通变观与五德终始说

司马迁的通变观是在五德终始说的影响下形成的.在表述过程中,司马迁以"原始察终,见盛观衰"以及"承弊易变"传达了"通古今之变"的历史哲学思想.受五德终始说的影响,司马迁将历史考察放到了终始循环方面.在邹衍"先验小物,推而大之"先验思想的影响下,司马迁以"先验小物"支撑天人感应,把自然之变扩充为主观上的类推逻辑的先验论,从而使其通变观与五德终始说发生了密切的联系.     

托幼公共服务政策量化评价与优化建议——基于PMC指数模型分析

在全面两孩和未来更宽松的生育政策背景下，国家连续出台政策发展学龄前教育和照护服务，推动托幼公共服务发展。研究发现，政策质量总体较好，完美级2项，优秀级16项，可接受级13项；政策方向明确，已从过去单纯的重视教育逐步转向注重服务。然而，政策内部分化明显，对托幼公共服务供需失衡问题的回应较少。为进一步优化政策，建议：理念先行，通过政策立法明确政府与社会在托幼公共服务中应尽的责任；区别对待，明确0-3岁婴幼儿与3-6岁幼儿的不同政策需求；找准方法，运用资源整合策略为托幼公共服务供需平衡创造有利政策条件；权衡效果，锁定国家对家庭照顾功能的补充特性。     

高职生所学专业、职业选择与职业倾向一致性研究报告

高职生的职业倾向偏向于社会型、事业型和艺术型，绝大多数高职生不愿意从事具体、操作性的工作。当务之急是加强对高职生的职业指导，让学生了解自己的职业倾向，教育学生面对现实，树立正确的职业观。在进行职业生涯规划指导时要注意充分发挥学生个性特长，进行正确的职业定位，及早引导学生体验职业和认识社会，相对理性地择业。     

News,Talk, Opinion,Participation: The Part Played by Conversation in Deliberative Democracy

Deliberative democracy can be defined as a political system based on citizens' free discussion of public issues. While most scholars have discussed deliberative democracy normatively, this study attempts to test the validity of a model of deliberative democracy through examining the interrelationships among its four components: newsmedia use, political conversation, opinion formation, and political participation. Sufficient empirical evidence was found to support the hypotheses that (a) news-media use is closely associated with the frequency of political conversation in daily life both at general and issue-specific levels; (b) willingness to argue with those who have different opinions is influenced by majority perceptions and by news-media use and political talk; (c) news-media use and political conversation have positive effects on certain measures of the quality of opinions (argument quality, consideredness, and opinionation) and perhaps on opinion consistency; and (d) news-media use and political conversation are closely associated also with participatory activities, but more so with "campaigning" than "complaining."     

Qualitative Evaluation and Optimization of Public Service Policies for Pre-school Children Aged 0-6 Based on PMC-Index

In the context of Two-Child Policy and a more extensive fertility policy, the state has continuously introduced policies to develop pre-school education and care services for promoting the development of childcare public services. The results show that the subtotal of 31 polices have a good overall performance, of which 2 are perfect, 16 are excellent, and 13 are acceptable.The direction of policy development has gradually shifted the focus from education to service. However, the internal differentiation of the policies is obvious with less response to the current imbalance between the supply and demand of childcare public services. To further optimize the policy, the following suggestions are made: clarify the responsibilities of the government and society in childcare public services by legislation, treat the different policy needs of infants aged 0-3 and children aged 3-6, create favorable policy conditions for the balance of supply and demand of childcare public services by resource integration strategies, and keep the country's complementary characteristics for family care functions.     

马克思主义中国化的历史新阶段——论“中国特色社会主义理论体系”的形成机制

"中国特色社会主义理论体系"的创立,开辟了马克思主义中国化的历史新阶段。它坚持和发展了马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想,体现了马克思主义基本原理的一以贯之;它作为马克思主义中国化的最新成果,体现了马克思主义与时俱进的理论品格和马克思主义着眼新实践新问题的发展规律。中国特色社会主义理论体系是马克思主义在历史新起点上的重要理论创新。