论我国耕地问题:从博弈到统筹

2020年实现全面小康的发展目标,既需要保有足够的耕地,又需要占用一定数量的耕地,以推进工业化和城镇化.只要贯彻落实科学发展观,紧扣利益,鼓励耕地供给,限制耕地需求,这对矛盾冲突完全可以在我国现有人地资源比例基础上得到解决.     

西方国家公共服务合同外包研究的进展与趋势

合同外包是西方国家公共服务市场化改革的重要制度安排。早期研究主要围绕“为何外包”、“外包什么”、“何时外包”以及“如何外包”等问题而展开。最近，合同外包的逆向发展趋势引起了学术界的关注，并逐步成为该领域研究的新热点。学术界开始改变民营化是一种单向发展的观点，而意识到了合同外包与逆向承包的动态发展。未来的研究者应该超越市场与计划的二元对立模式，走出视合同外包为一种单向市场过程的传统思维，更多地关注合同外包与逆向承包的动态发展，关注一种务实的、动态的、市场与政府混合的公共服备提供方式l的发展．     

孙中山的平均地权理论及其现代启示

平均地权的主旨是实现全体国民共享土地收益,求“地利共享”；同时强调土地使用效益的增进,求“地尽其利”.孙中山提出了平均地权的实施办法:“规定地价”、“照价征税”、“照价收买”、“涨价归公”四大纲要,以及“均权制”、“耕者有其田”等制度政策.实现平均地权思想的制度和政策方式可以有不同选择,我国现阶段在农村应坚持土地承包制...     

“农户”内部法律关系解析

《民法通则》将“农户”确定为独立的民事主体 ,十几年后的《农村土地承包法》又规定农村土地承包经营以“农户”为主体。这些规定均以“农户”的经济属性 (生产经营单位 )和社会属性 (保障功能 )为基点 ,从而在法律制度设计上 ,强化“农户”权利的整体性 ,忽视、乃至吞噬家庭成员个人权利的独立性 ,致使《农村土地承包法》陷入诸多难解的矛盾中。只有正确界定“农户”内部法律关系才能消解这些矛盾。     

Public investment in private problems: legal aid and the family justice system

This paper examines findings from the Legal Aid Board Research Unit's Case Profiling Study in the light of the current reform programmes for both legal aid and family law. The findings relate to over 650 legally aided family cases including divorce, separation, ancillary relief and Children Act 1989 applications. The main aim of the study was to gain a better understanding of what is currently funded by the legal aid fund. Costs have been related to stages of cases and to the strategies employed by solicitors. Finally, I comment on the future role of legal aid in family law, suggesting that, to a large extent, public investment will be maintained. Remuneration of service providers will evolve as systems of contracting are introduced in January 2000. There will be continued emphasis on family mediation as an alternative method of dispute resolution. However, cases involving issues relating to children and their welfare will remain within the scope of public support. Domestic violence and other emergency issues will also merit high priority. Although there will be extensive changes in other areas of legal aid, family law appears to remain relatively unscathed.     

Admitting a Bad Influence: Contracting the Public Service

Abstract

Emulation of the private sector is a longstanding controversy in public administration, but could it constitute a bad influence, of the kind that parents seek to guard against by scrutinizing their children's peers? Effectiveness provides a perspective on how helpful or harmful private sector influence has been for the public service. The practice of contracting-out under the A-76 process receives particular scrutiny relative to maintaining the effectiveness of public agencies. A second perspective on private sector influence examines, through the theoretical perspective of transaction-cost economics, the promise of cost savings that justified recent acceleration of contracting-out. The author, himself a government contractor, also bases his analysis on personal experience.     

Municipalities’ Contracting Out Decisions: An Empirical Study on Motives

Municipalities have various motives behind their decisions about the modes of their task execution. Empirical studies have not yet provided a fully satisfying explanation for municipalities’ contracting out decisions. Therefore, we interviewed several Dutch principal municipal managers to evaluate the causes and motives for the choices of the current structures for the delivery of their services. This study investigates the relevance of common public choice and transaction cost motives on contracting out and explores the relevance of additional institutional and pragmatic motives. We found that municipalities do not regularly evaluate the service provision of their activities and the potential benefits of outsourcing. In fact, if the activity has an adequate performance level and complaints from municipal employees, local politicians or inhabitants do not occur, a catalyst for a discussion on the contracting out of this activity is, in general, lacking. Principally in the case of structural underperformance municipalities consider a change of service provider, and then the efficiency motive is most relevant. Thereby, institutional motives – such as the stability of service provision – and pragmatic motives are also relevant. Institutional pressures in particular initiate the evaluation of organisational performance, whereas both economic motives as institutional and pragmatic motives are used to compare alternative service providers.     

农地承包制度中公平与效率的矛盾及其协调——基于政策演进的视角

公平与效率的矛盾是农地承包制度发展中的固有矛盾,是影响乡村振兴战略的重要因素,研究农地承包制度中这一矛盾的协调意义重大.从政策演进的视角揭示农地承包制度发展进程中公平与效率矛盾的表现及变化,分析矛盾原因并探索缓和矛盾的有效对策.结果 表明:在农地承包制度演进过程中,公平与效率的矛盾以土地细碎化、人地关系不匹配等形式存在...     

论赠与人的责任

赠与合同是现实生活中常见的合同之一,《合同法》设专章进行了规定,但对赠与人的责任规定得较为简单和概括。赠与人的责任可归纳为瑕疵责任（包括故意不告知受赠人瑕疵、保证无瑕疵、附义务的赠与）、缔约责任（包括无故撤销赠与及恶意磋商等）和违约责任等三种,其承担责任的条件、责任方式、赔偿范围等各不相同。     

中东欧和独联体转型国家国有农地制度研究述评

许多独联体和中东欧地区国家转型后对农地所有制进行了变革,但并不彻底,还有一定规模的国有农地被保留。相应成立的土地基金等国有农地管理机构,通过出租、出售等经济手段对国有农地进行管理,目的是形成规模合理的农业生产单位,解决农业所有制转型后存在的土地碎片化和生产单位二元结构等问题,提高农业效率,促进农户生产和现代农业发展有机衔接。一些国有农地管理机构还担负着农村公共服务职能。本文的研究表明,通过农地所有权、承包权和经营权“三权分置”,确保租约稳定,完善配套的法律制度和土地交易制度,优化市场环境,对于提高国有农地的使用效率和增强土地利用的可持续性至关重要。