The quantification of fingerprint quality using a relative contrast index

Research into fingermark enhancement techniques has traditionally used visual comparisons and qualitative methods to assess their effectiveness based on the quality of the developed fingermark. However, with increasing research into the optimisation of these techniques the need for a quantitative evaluative method has arisen. Parameters for acceptable fingerprint quality are not well defined and generally encompass clear, sharp edges and high levels of contrast between the fingermark ridges and background material. Using these current parameters, a conclusive measurement of fingerprint quality and thus the effectiveness of development techniques cannot be achieved.This study presents a model through which an aspect of fingerprint quality can be objectively and impartially measured based on a relative contrast index, constructed through measuring the reflective intensity of the fingermark ridges against the background material. Using a fibre-optic spectrophotometer attached to a microscope with axial illumination, the intensity counts of the ridge detail and background material were measured and a logarithmic contrast index constructed. The microscope and spectrophotometer parameters were experimentally tested using a standard colour resolution chart with known reflective properties. The protocol was successfully applied to four sample groups: black inked fingerprints on white paper; latent fingermarks on white paper developed separately with ninhydrin and physical developer; and fingermarks in blood deposited on white tiles and enhanced with amido black. The contrast indices obtained quantitatively reflect the level of contrast and provide an indication of fingerprint quality through a numerical representation rather than previous qualitative methods. It has been suggested that the proposed method of fingerprint quantification may be viable for application in the forensic research arena as it allows the definitive measurement of contrast to aid the evaluation of fingermark detection and enhancement techniques.     

知识性资产评估师的注意义务

知识性资产评估师基于执业要求的专业性应承担专家注意义务。同时,由于不同知识性资产,如专利、商标以及专有技术的特点不同,知识性资产评估师接受具体评估业务时应尽的注意义务也不尽相同。当评估师违反注意义务时,其责任可以根据资产评估服务合同的约定或侵权法的规定承担。     

文变染乎世情--浅议考狄利亚与程婴

悲剧总是贯穿着一种民族的苦苦求索的理性意蕴,而这种理性意蕴就是一种民族精神,其本质特征引导着人对自身的本质及生存环境的深邃思考,从而在相当层面上让人们在悲剧的气氛中注意到善与恶的伦理观照.程婴在经历了惊心动魄的痛失爱子和育孤的千辛万苦之后,终于成就了他的壮举,唤起了人们对审美主体的崇敬;考狄利亚在苦难与不幸的展示中,以个性酿成的悲剧,揭示生命存在的根据,表现出对人的价值和对人类命运的无限关切,具有重要的美学意义.     

论大治安之质量和谐

社会治安问题的产生原因、运行表现、防控措施都有个质与量的问题,都是质与量的统一。大治安应该达到质量和谐,应该从理论与实践的结合上把握好社会治安问题的整体饱和度、个体对比度,应该从理论与实践的结合上把握好公众容忍度、公众平衡度。     

三资企业中中方职员与西方职员在人际关系上的跨文化冲突透析

运用跨文化交际学在人际关系方面的理论,从东西方不同的文化理念,文化背景差异,民族性格差异,言语表达习惯差异及习惯交往方式差异等方面,对我国三资企业中中方职员与西方职员在工作及交往中产生的冲突和矛盾进行了阐释,以利于在三资企业中建立更加和谐的跨文化人际交往方式。     

苗语量词研究述评及前瞻

目前有关苗语量词的研究主要是对苗语部分方言区的名量词的描写和分析,对苗语动量词的研究则很薄弱,对苗语各方言区的量词也缺少整体上的对比描写和分析。本文认为可以把苗语黔东方言、湘西方言、川黔滇方言三大方言区作为一个整体,全面考察苗语量词,并从语言类型学的角度出发,对苗、汉量词之间的关系作谱系内的对比研究。