民事责任能力范畴分析

民事责任能力是民法中的基础性概念.任何法律关系的主体只要具备民事主体资格,该主体即拥有民事责任能力.民事责任能力隐含在民事权利能力之中,享有民事权利、承担民事义务和民事责任的资格三位一体,构成民事权利能力不可分割的要素.民事主体的民事责任能力状况,与该主体的民事行为能力和认识能力无关.民事责任能力制度贯穿于合同法、侵权法等民法分则的各个组成部分,将其局限于民法分则的任何一部分都是对民事责任能力的不当割裂.     

论专利权转让中的负担效力和处分效力

从专利权转让合同的概念开始,借鉴私法学说中的负担和处分理论,从负担和处分的角度分析专利权转让合同的效力,结合《专利法》和《合同法》的相关规定,分析专利权转让中的负担效力和处分效力,认为其中的负担效力在于使当事人负担义务,而处分效力则在于使专利权转让,强调了私法学说研究对知识产权法的意义。     

Distribution profile of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine (DOB) in rats after oral and subcutaneous doses

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine (DOB) is one of the potent hallucinogenic phenylalkylamines, whose ingestion has already caused several deaths reported all over the world. However, there is unsufficient information on DOB properties based on controlled pharmacokinetic studies available. The aim of this study was to clarify the distribution profile of DOB and its phenolic metabolite 2-methoxy-5-hydroxy-4-bromoamphetamine (2M5H4BA) in blood and biological tissues of experimental rats. The rats were administered a 20 mg/kg dose of DOB·HCl by oral ingestion or subcutaneous injection. Plasma and brain, liver and lung tissues were collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 h after dosing (three animals per time point). The samples were prepared by a liquid–liquid extraction procedure and the extracts were assayed by GC–MS. After per oral application, DOB peak plasma level of 320 ng/mL was reached after one-hour post dosing as well as 2M5H4BA peak concentration of 203 ng/mL. A rapid phase of DOB absorption, 2M5H4BA formation and their tissue distribution during the first two hours after application were followed by a slow decrease rate of the elimination process until 32 h. After subcutaneous application, high plasma levels of the unchanged parent drug and relatively reduced formation of its metabolite 2M5H4BA were observed. DOB maximum plasma concentration of 1143 ng/mL was reached after one-hour post application, whereas its metabolite peak level after 8 h was 213 ng/mL. The concentration profiles of both compounds in plasma after per oral and subcutaneous administration revealed the existence of significant first pass effect after per oral administration that significantly affected DOB bioavailability. DOB tissue concentrations exceeded plasma and the highest values were found in the lungs, where drug accumulation occurred with prolonged retention till 32 h after subcutaneous dose. Although the plasma/tissue transfer was more effective for the lipophilic parent drug than for its hydroxylated metabolite 2M5H4BA, the metabolite tissue levels were significant. The hallucinogenic potential of 2M5H4BA appearing in brain remains unclear as nothing is known about its pharmacological activity at present.     

基层公安机关刑事技术人员配置及运行机制初探

人是队伍管理中最活跃的因素,一切目标和制度是为了规范人的行为并充分调动其主观能动性。故而,刑事技术队伍建设的重心就是其人员配置以及运行机制。     

司法精神病学鉴定后的处理情况调查

目的为了维护社会安全和依法保障精神病人的合法权益，需要正确处理精神病违法者。实际上，人们对司法精神病学鉴定后的处理情况知之甚少。因此，进行此项调查研究。方法采用邮寄调查问卷的方式对四川省52个县市的183例精神病违法者进行调查。结果在处置精神病违法者的机关中，公安局占73．08％，法院占26．72％。有责任能力组中有2．22％被无罪释放；无责任能力组中有2．10％被判刑；部分责任能力组中有13．95％被无罪释放。结论公安局是处理精神病违法者的主要机构。存在不适当处置情况，尤其对部分责任能力者的处理更复杂、更困难。     

胚胎的法律属性及其处置规则刍议简

随着人工辅助生育技术的日益普及,实践中出现了一些涉及胚胎的法律问题,问题的解决需要首先厘清胚胎的法律属性,再确定胚胎的处置规则。本文在分析相应法律规范、制度、案例的基础上,结合比较法和实践研究,对以上问题进行初步探讨,提出了胚胎的法律定位应界定为＂中介＂,在处置规则上应考虑生育行为的社会属性、未成年人利益及利益均衡,以不允许单方处置为原则。     

劫持人质案件武力处置若干问题探讨

对劫持人质案件的处置,要力争通过谈判实现和平解决。然而,并非每一起案件都能通过谈判实现和平解决。因此,在力争通过谈判手段和平解决事件的同时应积极进行武力进攻的准备,以便在谈判无法取得进展或事件失控时,及时采取相应的武力行动,解救人质。实施武力处置的战术要求包括：要“投鼠忌器”;要严格掌握使用武器的条件,依法处置;实施之前要隐蔽即将进行武力处置的行动意图;要精心筹划,严密组织,稳妥实施;要善于捕捉和创造战机;要出其不意,一举制服。武力处置的战术形式主要有近距离突袭、定点精确射击、易地处置等几种。具体采用何种战术形式,应视劫持者和现场的具体情况等加以选择。可以采用单一的战术形式,也可将各种战术形式结合使用。     

对交通技术监控违法行为告知制度的思考

由于交通技术监控违法行为的告知制度存在着漏洞,引发了一些比较突出的问题,给具体参与交通活动的当事人造成了误解,甚至对其合法权利造成侵害。因此,我们应进一步完善相关法律制度,在宏观上平衡法律规范之间的适应性和统一性,丰富告知后进行处罚的种类和方式。     

论夫妻一方擅自处分共有财产行为的性质及其效力

夫妻对共同所有的财产,有平等的处理权。随着法律观念的不断增强和人们权利意识的觉醒,因夫妻一方擅自处分共有财产而引起的法律纠纷越来越多。但在具体处理此类问题时,适用法律上具有一定的模糊性,导致实务中同类案件有完全不同的审判结果。     

论无权处分

无权处分是民法上的疑难症结,我国法学界对此争议较大。本文通过阐述我国学界的主要分歧,指出了我国无权处分立法上的缺陷,对理论界的主要观点进行了分析,对无权处分制度应如何重新建构提出了自己的建议。