The evolution of European legal integration

This article contributes to the development of theories on European integration by testing and exploring statistical models on the long-term development of legislative activity of the European Commission. Drawing on legal information gained from the European Union’s PreLex database and analyzing it with the help of statistical analyses, we map out growth patterns of EU law between 1976 and 2003. We construct time-series models and models based on non-linear regression. While the performance of models based on the traditional theoretical approaches, intergovernmentalism and neo-functionalism, is rather poor, the analysis suggests that nonlinear dynamic models might be an interesting avenue for future conceptualizations of the EU integration process. This article is based on a paper presented at the ECPR Standing Group on the European Union Second Pan-European Conference on EU Politics, “Implications of a Wider Europe: Politics, Institutions and Diversity”, 24–26 June 2004, Bologna, Italy. We would like to thank the seminar participants for useful comments.     

构建以控制为导向的应收账款管理体系

应收账款管理包括应收账款的预算、核算、控制、分析及考核等诸多方面的内容。它与公司的信用政策、营销政策的制定和执行情况密切相关,并不可避免地涉及到客户信用品质的评估问题。本文假设公司的营销政策及信用政策已经确定,且客户的信用品质已经通过适当方法得以评估,研究在     

Applying a Dynamic Performance Management Framework to Wicked Issues: How Coproduction Helps to Transform Young People’s Services in Surrey County Council,UK

ABSTRACT

This article explores how a dynamic performance management (DPM) approach can give policy makers a more integrated, time-related understanding of how to address wicked problems successfully. The article highlights how an outcome-based approach to solving wicked policy problems has to balance three very contrasting objectives of stakeholders in the policy making process – improving service quality, improving quality of life outcomes and improving conformity to the principles of public governance. Simultaneous achievement of these three objectives may not be feasible, as they may form an interactive dynamic system. However the balancing act between them may be achieved by the use of DPM. Policy insights from this novel approach are illustrated through a case study of a highly successful co-production intervention to help young people with multiple disadvantages in Surrey, UK. The implications of DPM are that policy development needs to accept the important roles of emergent strategy and learning mechanisms, rather than attempting ‘blueprint’ strategic planning and control mechanisms. Some expectations about the results may indeed be justifiable in particular policy systems, as clustering of quality of life outcomes and outcomes in the achievement of governance principles is likely, because behaviours are strongly inter-related. However, this clustering can never be taken for granted but must be tested in each specific policy context. Undertaking simulations with the model and recalibrating it through time, as experience builds up, may allow learning in relation to overcoming barriers to achieving outcomes in the system.     

中国政府执行行为动力机制构成的实证分析——以湖北省为例

政府执行行为动力机制是政府执行行为维持、运作与演变的内在力量源泉。当今西方公共管理主流理论有关政府行为动力机制的核心理论前提是所谓"自利经济人"假设,政府工作人员一切公务行为的唯一动机就是追求个人利益的最大化;公共利益不构成政府执行行为的动机前提。本文实证分析表明,当前中国各级政府执行行为已经形成了以"公共性价值取向"价值因子为导向与核心,以"公共性利益因素"、"机关外部动力因素"、"制度因素"等三类政府执行行为影响因素为主要内外影响因子,密切相关、内在稳定的一个主流动力机制功能体系。不过,这一体系并没有完全排斥个体性利益与价值追求。中国政府执行行为动力机制的制度化、规范化水平有待进一步提升。     

从语用学的角度看口译中译者的作用

在口译过程中,译者在源语发言人、译者、目的语接受者的关系链处于一个中介人的位置,从语用学角度分析,其实也就是同时处于交际三角中的"受众"与"演讲者"的两角.口译活动是动态发展的,口译成功与否,译员起着至关重要的作用.译员作为交际双方的中介,须在了解发言人与话语受者的语言表达习惯基础上选择适合双方的语言表达方式,使译语再现源语的所有意义,而且这一选择是有意识的策略选择,最终使所选择的译语得体并流畅地再现源语的真正意图.     

Malware categorization using dynamic mnemonic frequency analysis with redundancy filtering

The battle between malware developers and security analysts continues, and the number of malware and malware variants keeps increasing every year. Automated malware generation tools and various detection evasion techniques are also developed every year. To catch up with the advance of malware development technologies, malware analysis techniques need to be advanced to help security analysts. In this paper, we propose a malware analysis method to categorize malware using dynamic mnemonic frequencies. We also proposed a redundancy filtering technique to alleviate drawbacks of dynamic analysis. Experimental results show that our proposed method can categorize malware and can reduce storage overheads of dynamic analysis.     

Chasing ghosts: An investigation of the ghosting phenomenon in footprints

Ghosting is a phenomenon that has been identified in dynamic (walking) footprints. There is sparse research on the occurrence of ghosting; however, due to the forensic value of footprints and their use in other scientific fields, the phenomenon of ghosting warrants further study. Ghosting can be used to determine if a footprint is static (standing) or dynamic, which can help forensic investigators create a sequence of events at a crime scene. Furthermore, this can help in footprint comparisons from this determination, as “like versus like” comparisons of dynamic or static footprints can be made. The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence and locations of the ghosting phenomena in dynamic footprints.136 dynamic footprints from 68 volunteers were collected using an inkless collection system. Each footprint was visually inspected for ghosting as well as examined using software.Ghosting was present on at least one location in all footprints. The highest prevalence occurred at the tip of the great toe, followed by the second digit and the heel. To a lesser extent, ghosting appeared at the tips of the other three digits. Ghosting often occurred at two or more areas in a given footprint.     

动态情景下突发事件应急预案的完善路径研究

突发事件应急预案是"一案三制"的重要内容,对我国应急体系的建设和完善起到了积极的作用,但突发事件应急预案在实践中却遇到了缺乏针对性和可操作性的困境。突发事件的发生、演变和危害等具备极强的不确定性和独特性,其应对是高度情景依赖的,本文将对这种实践困境给出理论上解释,并从风险评估基础上的参与式编制、特殊情景下的授权与监督、加强应急预案培训和演练等方面提出针对性的政策建议。     

完善城市治安巡逻动态勤务机制若干问题的思考

近年来,随着人、财、物的大流动,社会治安形势发生了巨大变化,城市治安状况呈现出明显的动态化趋势.当前城市基层公安机关街面治安巡逻工作中存在的主要问题表现在认识上对巡逻工作的定位存在偏差,警力配备与所担负的过重工作任务不相适应,现有的勤务方式与实际工作任务不相适应,现有的装备保障难以适应现实工作的需要.我们应充分认识巡逻工作在服务民生方面的重要地位和作用,减负巡逻队“110”的接处警工作压力,结合本辖区特点,施行科学、合理、可操作的动态治安巡逻勤务模式,并对巡逻辅助力量开展必要的培训和有效的管理使用.     

动力灸治疗肝肾亏虚型膝骨关节炎疗效观察

目的 观察动力灸治疗肝肾亏虚型膝骨关节炎（knee osteoarthritis ,KOA）的临床疗效。方法 将符合纳入标准的60例肝肾亏虚型KOA患者随机分为试验组与对照组,每组30例。试验组给予动力灸治疗,对照组予以普通针刺治疗,两组均每天治疗1次,连续治疗21 d为1个疗程。1个疗程结束后比较两组患者治疗前后视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数（the Westem Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, WOMAC）、中医证候评分及临床疗效,并记录两组不良反应情况。结果 治疗后两组患者VAS评分、WOMAC评分、中医证候评分较治疗前均明显改善（P<0.05）,且试验组改善程度明显优于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组临床疗效明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。对照组有1例患者出现晕针情况,而试验组患者均未出现不良反应。结论 动力灸治疗肝肾亏虚型KOA疗效确切,不良反应少,能有效地缓解膝关节疼痛,改善患者的生活质量。