A behavioral measure of the enthusiasm gap in American elections

What are the effects of a mobilized party base on elections? I present a new behavioral measure of the enthusiasm gap in a set of American elections to identify how the turnout rate of the party faithful varies across different contexts. I find that the advantaged party can see its registrants turn out by four percentage points more than the disadvantaged party in some elections, and that this effect can be even larger in competitive House districts. I estimate the net benefit to party vote share of the mobilized base, which is around one percentage point statewide, and up to one and one half points in competitive House contests. These results suggest that the partisan characteristics of an election have consequences not just for vote choice, but for the composition of the electorate.     

运用“双因素理论”提高高职教师的积极性

能否提高高职教师的积极性是高职教师管理中的一个重要因素。在目前高职教师中出现“干与不干一个样”、“干好干坏一个样”等消极现象的主要原因不是职工素质不高,而是因为管理者过分依赖保健因素,忽视了激励因素的作用。在合理利用保健因素的前提下,有效发挥激励因素的作用运用,目标激励、科研激励、公平激励、典型激励、情感激励等途径能够激发高职教师在工作中的积极性。