盐酸氨基葡萄糖胺诱导黑素瘤细胞分化的形态学观察

目的：研究盐酸氨基葡萄糖（GAH）对黑素瘤细胞分经的诱导作用。方法：用GAH处理体外培养的黑素瘤细胞，观察细胞生长和形态的变化。结果：细胞生长受到抑制，细胞形态发生改变，细胞由圆形变为梭形，核质比减小，核仁减少或消失,有些细胞胞内出现空泡；Giemsa染色显示实验组处于分裂期的细胞数远远少于对照组。结论：黑素瘤细胞经GAH作用后有向正常细胞转化的趋势，GAH是一种潜在的肿瘤细胞分化诱导剂。     

二乙酰吗啡盐酸盐标准物质的研制（2）-定值和不确定度评定

目的对研制的二乙酰吗啡盐酸盐标准物质进行定值,并评定定值结果的不确定度。方法采用定量核磁共振法和质量平衡法进行定值;采用液质联用法用于有机物杂质的定性分析,采用电感耦合等离子质谱法、离子色谱法、顶空-气质联用法和卡尔费休滴定法测定无机阳离子、阴离子、挥发性有机溶剂残留和水分等杂质的含量。结果定量核磁共振法的纯度为95．6％,不确定度为0．13％;质量平衡法的纯度为95．3％,不确定度为0．93%。结论二乙酰吗啡盐酸盐标准物质的纯度值为95．6％,扩展不确定度为1．2％（k=2）。     

单剂量复方苦参注射液对吉西他滨在大鼠体内药物代谢动力学参数的影响

目的 探讨单剂量复方苦参注射液与注射用盐酸吉西他滨联合用药后对吉西他滨在大鼠体内药物代谢动力学参数的影响。方法 24只健康SD大鼠,雌雄各半,随机分为对照组和复方苦参注射液高、中、低3个剂量组。4组大鼠均在相同13个时间点眼眶采血,采用高效液相色谱法测定血样中吉西他滨的浓度,借助DAS 3.0软件计算药物代谢动力学参数。结果 静脉注射吉西他滨在SD大鼠体内药物代谢动力学过程符合二室模型拟合,在单用和复合给药时分布半衰期（t1/2α）、消除半衰期（t1/2β）、总体消除率（clearance,CL）、药-时曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)等主要药物代谢动力学参数比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论 单剂量复方苦参注射液对大鼠体内吉西他滨的药物代谢动力学行为无明显影响,在临床上单剂量复方苦参可以与注射用盐酸吉西他滨联合用药。     

葛根芩连结肠定位胶囊对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠疾病活动指数和结肠黏膜损伤指数的影响

目的 在传统葛根芩连方基础上设计制备葛根芩连结肠定位释药胶囊并对其治疗溃疡性结肠炎的效果进行评价.方法 优化处方制得葛根芩连结肠定位胶囊并进行质量评价.采用2,4,6-三硝基苯磺酸复制溃疡性结肠炎大鼠模型,将模型复制成功的大鼠分成5组,即模型组、阳性对照组、葛根芩连简方组、葛根芩连全方组、葛根芩连简方结肠定位胶囊组,持续给药1周后比较给药后疾病活动指数(disease activity index,DAI)和结肠黏膜损伤指数(colonic mucosal damage in-dex,CMDI).结果 与模型组比较,葛根芩连简方和全方组DAI、CMDI均显著降低(P<0.05);葛根芩连简方、全方组DAI、CMDI比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);葛根芩连简方结肠定位胶囊组DAI、CMDI均显著低于葛根芩连简方和全方组(P<0.05).结论 葛根芩连简方结肠定位胶囊可提高葛根芩连汤原方治疗溃疡性结肠炎的疗效.     

HPLC-MS/MS法检测血液中甲卡西酮及其代谢物

目的 建立同时检测血液中新精神活性物质甲卡西酮及其代谢物卡西酮、麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱含量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法 ,验证甲卡西酮在大鼠体内的代谢物.方法 血液样品中加入内标物甲卡西酮-D3,经甲醇提取后采用InfinityLab Poroshell 120 Chiral-V型色谱柱分离,以甲醇和乙腈混合流动相恒比洗脱,...     

盐酸多西环素注射液的稳定性研究

为确定盐酸多西环素注射液的有效期和包装运输条件,以高效液相色谱法测定多西环素的含量变化,评价制剂对温度和光照的稳定性。温度加速试验采用经典恒温法,考察温度为65、75、85和95℃,每一温度设5个不同的采样时间点,根据动力学和Arrhenius指数定律计算稳定性的相关参数。光照试验分裸露组和包装组,在照度(4 500±500)lx条件下放置10 d,于第5 d和第10 d检测样品。温度加速试验表明多西环素的分解反应为一级动力学反应,k25℃为5.319 7×10-6/h,25℃时t0.9为2.26年。光照试验表明盐酸多西环素注射液对光照敏感,裸露组的药物含量、pH值和颜色均有明显变化;稳定性试验结果表明盐酸多西环素注射液在25℃、避光条件下的有效期可暂定为24个月。     

Application of mRNA Expression Analysis to Human Blood Identification in Degenerated Samples that were False‐negative by Immunochromatography,,

Forensic laboratories are often faced with cases in which methamphetamine hydrochloride‐mixed blood is unable to be identified as human blood by immunochromatography against human hemoglobin A0. The application of mRNA expression analysis to samples that showed a false‐negative with immunochromatography was investigated as an alternative approach that did not depend on the antigen–antibody reaction. Real‐time PCR was used to examine the expression levels of blood markers such as glycophorin A, spectrin beta, and hemoglobin beta. Hemoglobin beta was the only marker that was specifically detected in blood, while glycophorin A was useful for determining human specificity. Hemoglobin beta showed good detection sensitivity and was detectable in 37‐year‐old blood stains. Hemoglobin beta was exclusively detectable in methamphetamine hydrochloride‐mixed blood stains. Detergents and disinfectants did not significantly influence mRNA markers. The proposed mRNA expression analysis was suitable for human blood identification as an alternative method to immunochromatography.     

二乙酰吗啡盐酸盐标准物质的研制（1）—均匀性和稳定性检验

目的研制二乙酰吗啡盐酸盐标准物质,并检验其均匀性和稳定性。方法采用中压快速纯化制备系统分离纯化海洛因样品得到二乙酰吗啡盐酸盐,确认其结构后,采用统计学方法进行均匀性检验和稳定性检验。结果二乙酰吗啡盐酸盐标准物质含有0.88个结晶水,其瓶间不均匀性产生的标准不确定度为0.29%,短期和长期稳定性的标准不确定度分别为0.04%和0.46%。结论研制的二乙酰吗啡盐酸盐标准物质均匀性和稳定性良好。     

HPLC-DAD determination of mepivacaine in cerebrospinal fluid from a fatal case

A fatal case involving mepivacaine-induced epidural anesthesia is described. The pathological findings were typical of cardiac shock from ischemic origin. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained several hours after death and mepivacaine was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Its concentration was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Extraction from CSF was performed by deproteinization with acetonitrile. The mepivacaine concentration in the sample was 264 microg/mL. Concentrations of mepivacaine in CSF following epidural anesthesia are not reported in literature to our knowledge. This is the first reported case of death in which the mepivacaine concentration in CSF has been determined.     

液相色谱-质谱联用法测定复方氨酚烷胺胶囊人体生物等效性

目的 研究复方氨酚烷胺胶囊的人体生物等效性。方法 采用双周期交叉实验设计,22名健康男性受试者随机交叉单剂量口服复方氨酚烷胺胶囊试验制剂和参比制剂各1粒。采用液相色谱-质谱联用法测定血浆中对乙酰氨基酚（paracetamol, PAR）、金刚烷胺（amantadine, AMA）、马来酸氯苯那敏（chlorphenamine, CHL）和咖啡因（caffenine, CAF）的浓度,采用DAS3.2.5软件计算药物代谢动力学参数,并采用双侧t检验法和90%置信区间比较主要药物代谢动力学参数（cmax,tmax,t1/2和AUC0-t）。结果 受试制剂和参比制剂中PAR、AMA、CAF和CHL的AUC0→t、AUC0→∞、cmax和tmax比较,差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 本实验方法准确、灵敏、简便,两种制剂具有生物等效性。