试论当代中国社会阶层构成新变化的原因及其走向

自1978年以来,当代中国社会阶层构成发生了重大变化,市场化改革和知识经济化是其变化的深层原因。与西方发达国家相比较,当代中国急需构建橄榄型的社会结构形态,这是今后20年我国全面建设小康社会的目标之一。     

论当代西方国家阶级结构的新变化及中间阶层的作用

西方国家生产关系的调整引起了阶级结构的新变化。在传统的两大对立阶级中各自都出现了具有特殊性的阶层,尤其是在两大对立的阶级之间,除了传统的中间阶层依然存在外,又产生了许多新的中间阶层。西方国家社会阶级结构日益呈现出“两头小,中间大”的中型分布。中间阶层不仅数量越来越多,而且对生产力的推动作用越来越大,对社会政治的影响力越来越强,对社会秩序的稳定作用越来越明显。     

准确定位 科学布局 积极推动试验区建设

宁夏发展内陆开放型经济没有突出优势,在产业布局方面与建设中国—阿拉伯国家及世界穆斯林地区经贸合作大平台的要求尚有差距。必须站在世界经济发展的高端,进一步明确试验区发展定位和目标,优化产业布局,为我国发展内陆开放型经济、完善对外开放格局探索新路径。     

认识阶层 构建和谐——培育高校学生关注社会下层群体的理念

近年来,我国社会阶层问题常常成为关注的热点,社会阶层的分化,以及阶层之间矛盾的显现,都需要人们去正确面对。对于高校青年学生来讲,引导他们正确认识我国社会阶层现状,特别是培育他们关注社会下层群体的良好理念,非常有必要。在指导青年学生对我国社会阶层状况有基本了解的前提下,教导他们学会关注关爱社会弱势群体,学习做一个有包容心、有爱心、有社会责任感的公民。     

论《刑事侦查》课堂教学实践观

实践的核心就是发挥个体的主观能动性 ,主动去认识世界和改造世界。这是对课堂教学观进行实践构造的基础。树立以学生为中心的教育主体观 ,并以此为基础来确定实践性教学原则。课堂教学要从传统的只重视认知性学习转变到以培养学生的创新精神和实践能力为重点的目标上来 ,教学内容的变革要从重视学科体系为主的书本知识转到对学生的全面影响上来 ,教学模式要从传统的单一讲授向多元化转变 ,教学手段要从传统的权威控制转变到以教学目标为导向上来     

男炎消对大鼠实验性前列腺炎影响的病理学观察

目的 :观察男炎消对大鼠实验性前列腺炎的组织病理学影响。方法 :采用向大鼠前列腺组织内注入角叉菜胶的方法复制大鼠前列腺炎模型 ,并分别对模型组及口服男炎消冲剂后的大鼠组进行前列腺组织病理学检查。结果 :口服男炎消冲剂后的大鼠前列腺湿质量均比模型组明显要轻 ,两者比较有统计学差异 (P <0 .0 5) ,且镜下炎症改变亦比模型组明显轻。结论 :口服男炎消冲剂对角叉菜胶所致大鼠实验性前列腺炎具有较好的抑制炎症发生作用。     

The Attitudes of the Chinese Middle Class Towards Democracy

Little has been done to quantitatively establish the connection between the middle class and a specific regime type. In an effort to fill in the gap, this study uses Asian Barometer survey dataset to examine the attitudes and orientation of China’s rising middle class. We find that the Chinese middle class does show higher democratic orientation than those we categorize as lower class, but only if class is defined by occupation or by self-identification, and not by income level. We interpret this result to mean that economic development offers new life experiences with the creation of new types of professions and enhances people’s agreement with modern democratic values by arousing people’s consciousness of their new social class status.

Economic crisis, party system change, and the dynamics of class voting in Venezuela, 1973–2003

The breakdown of the old catch-all party system in Venezuela, and the sudden rise to power of leftist former coup leader Hugo Chávez provides an instructive case study to examine the sources of party system change, the rise of populism and the politicisation of class. Using nationally representative survey data this paper analyses different models of voting behaviour over time, and examines the extent to which the determinants of electoral choice have changed. It argues that although economic crises during the 1990s undermined support for the existing parties, it did not create a politically salient class-based response. Rather, it created the electoral space for new actors to enter the political stage and articulate new populist issue dimensions. Explanations for the politicisation of social cleavages in Venezuela can therefore best be understood in terms of ‘top-down’ approaches which emphasises the role of political agency in reshaping and re-crafting political identities, rather than more ‘bottom-up’ factors which emphasise the demands that originate within the electorate.     

How people organise cultural attitudes: cultural belief systems and the populist radical right

Political scientists generally agree that all individuals structure their cultural attitudes in the same unidimensional fashion. However, various populist radical right parties remarkably combine moral progressiveness with conservatism regarding immigration-related issues. This suggests that the structuring of cultural attitudes among the electorate may also be more complex than typically assumed. Applying Correlational Class Analysis to representative survey data, the study uncovers three cultural belief systems. For individuals adhering to an integrated one, all cultural attitudes are interdependent, as typically assumed. However, two alternative belief systems are also uncovered: intermediate and partitioned. In the latter, positions on one cultural attitude (e.g. ethnocentrism) are barely related to positions on others (e.g. rejecting Islam or opposing homosexuality). The existence of multiple cultural belief systems challenges the widely held assumption that all people organise their cultural attitudes similarly. Both political party agendas and individuals’ education level and religion appear key to understanding variation in belief systems.     

恩格斯早年工人权益保障思想及其启示 ——基于《英国工人阶级状况》的思考

《英国工人阶级状况》是一部极具现实性、批判性、革命性的纪实著作.通过深入调查,在《英国工人阶级状况》中恩格斯将资本家对工人的压迫揭露得淋漓尽致,并在其中提出了保障工人饮食、住房、医疗、受教育权利等权益保障思想.这些思想具有极强的人民性、革命性、平等性,对我国当下提升新时代工人阶级的获得感、幸福感和安全感具有重要意义.研...