强直性脊柱炎的磁共振成像炎症分期与中医证型和临床特征关系

目的 探讨强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis, AS）的磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging, MRI）炎症分期与中医证型和临床特征的关系。方法 采用骶髂关节MRI扫描技术将40例AS患者分为骨髓水肿组（早期炎症组）或脂肪浸润组（晚期炎症组）,比较两组患者中医证型分布情况、强直性脊柱炎病情活动度 C反应蛋白（ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score C reactive protein,ASDAS CRP）积分和血沉（erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR）、CRP水平。结果 早期炎症组共24例患者,晚期炎症组共16例患者。早期炎症组以肾虚湿热证为主（占91.7%）,晚期炎症组以肾虚督寒证为主（占87.5%）,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。早期炎症组较晚期炎症组ASDAS CRP积分及ESR、CRP水平显著升高（P<0.05）。Pearson相关分析显示,肾虚湿热证证候积分与加拿大脊柱关节炎研究协会（Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada,SPARCC）MRI积分具有正相关性（n=24,r=0.627,P<0.05）,肾虚督寒证证候积分与SPARCC MRI积分无相关性（n=16,r=0.167,P＞0.05）。结论 AS的MRI炎症分期对中医辨证、病情活动度及炎性指标的预测具有指导意义。     

Portable high‐resolution automated 3D imaging for footwear and tire impression capture

The forensic science community raised the need for improved evidence recognition, collection, and visualization analytical instrumentation for field and laboratory use. While the 3D optical techniques for imaging static objects have been extensively studied, there is still a major gap between current knowledge and collecting high‐quality footwear and tire impression evidence. Among optical means for 3D imaging, digital fringe projection (DFP) techniques reconstruct 3D shape from phase information, achieving camera‐pixel spatial resolution. This paper presents a high‐resolution 3D imaging technology using DFP techniques dedicated to footwear and tire impression capture. We developed fully automated software algorithms and a graphical user interface (GUI) that allow anyone without training to operate for high‐quality 3D data capture. We performed accuracy evaluations and comparisons comparing with the commercial high‐end 3D scanner and carried out qualitative tests for various impressions comparing with the current practices. Overall, our technology achieves similar levels of accuracy and resolution with a high‐end commercially available 3D scanner, while having the merits of being (1) more affordable; (2) much easier to operate; and (3) more robust. Compared with the current practice of casting, our technology demonstrates its superiority because it (1) is non‐destructive; (2) collects more evidence detail than casts, especially when an impression is fragile; (3) requires less time and money to collect each piece of evidence; and (4) results in a digital file that can easily be shared with other examiners.     

数字图像处理技术的优势

随着计算机应用软件多种类的开发 ,利用计算机来处理图像已成现实。计算机图像处理技术(也称数字图像处理技术)相对于传统的暗房技术 ,不但具备传统暗房技术制作影像的所有的技巧 ,而且还有许多传统暗房技术不可比拟的优势。数字图像处理技术是摄影艺术再创造的技术 ,可制作完美无暇的照片 ,照片质量比传统暗房技术制作的质量更高,对环境无污染 ,出片速度快、省时、省财、省力、省地方。数字图像处理技术必将取代传统的暗房技术     

Chemical Imaging of Human Fingermark by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a widely used technique to characterize the surface chemistry of materials. It plays a crucial role in accessing qualitative and quantitative information and in detecting the presence of chemical functional groups on the surface of any material. The forensic methods available to detect and identify elements and organic/inorganic compounds are often destructive, so evidence cannot be re-analyzed. However, XPS allows rapid analysis of samples without damaging them. Recently, an increasing number of forensic researchers have begun to study certain chemical information on fingermarks. In this study, the authors aimed to present the applicability and power of XPS imaging in fingermark analysis which can also provide specific information about the fingermark chemical composition. Herein, monochromated X-ray (Al Kα) spot size was fixed at 50 μm. XPS mapping resulted in the acquisition of spectra at each pixel, in an array of 41 × 30 pixels with a step size of 50 μm. Then, a simple discussion has been made about how the scanned surface spectrum and basic snapshot spectra are used to identify different components at a fingertip of a scanned surface area (~3 mm²). Hence, a fingermark pattern contaminated with caffeine, TiO₂, and Pb/PbO deposited on the silicon wafer can be chemically mapped and visualized by XPS using principal component analysis (PCA). Thus, the present study showed the possible applicability of XPS for the identification of illicit drugs of abuse, gunshot residue, and skin care products on latent fingermark by mimicking a crime scene evidence.     

Postmortem Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Gunshot Wounds to the Neck

Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is rarely used for the radiologic assessment of gunshot injuries, although it has clear advantages over postmortem computed tomography (CT) with regard to the imaging of soft tissue injuries. Another benefit in using MRI is that lodged projectiles composed of nonferromagnetic material such as lead present only marginal metal artifacts compared with severe artifacts on CT. This case report presents CT and MRI findings in a case with two gunshot wounds to the neck: a perforating wound and a nonperforating wound with a lead bullet lodged in the cervical spine. The decedent underwent CT and MRI before the scheduled autopsy. A ring of radiopaque material under the dermis in the fatty tissue was identified at both entrance wounds on CT, which was indicative of contact shots. The perforating gunshot was clearly indicated on CT by bullet fragments along the wound channel through the perforated 6th cervical vertebra and the fractured cricoid cartilage at the exit wound. The second trajectory, however, was only assumed based on the presence of gunshot residues at the entrance wound and the position of the lodged bullet. The radiologic assessment was severely impeded by the metal artifacts on CT. Barely noticeable metal artifacts on MRI allowed for clear visualization of the soft tissue injuries and the ruptured medulla oblongata. Only MRI clarified the soft tissue injuries of the brainstem noninvasively, which could provide specific and graphic information on the rapidity of death and the incapacitation of the victim.     

新中国治安治理结构演进路径解析

新中国成立以来,我国治安治理结构经历了"磁斥结构-磁吸结构-耦合结构"的演进路径,在不同的时代背景之下,各治理结构呈现出其所特有的治理逻辑和基本特征。从认同性、社会自主性、公共性、参与性四个方面对三种治理结构进行比较分析来看,未来治安治理结构的发展规律,将在很大程度上同国家与社会间良性互动的耦合治理结构相吻合。     

哼鸣与艺术性歌唱初探

哼鸣练习是获取鼻腔共鸣、头腔共鸣及声音高位安放的有效途径之一,也是引导学生掌握正确声音概念的最好方法。本文介绍了什么是哼鸣,以及哼鸣练习的方法和手段,强调了哼鸣在声乐训练中的重要作用。     

国产磁珠Wawasye试剂盒在法医DNA中应用

目的探讨国产磁珠Wawasye试剂盒在法医DNA检案中的应用效果。方法利用475份各类常见生物检材测试其效果,并与M48磁珠试剂盒作比较。结果国产磁珠Wawasye试剂盒与M48磁珠试剂盒在检验各类常见生物检材的结果无显著性差异。结论国产磁珠Wawasye试剂盒适用于公安机关DNA实验室。     

电针对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠脑肠肽类激素的影响

目的:探讨电针“百会”、“印堂”、“天枢”穴改善抑郁症消化功能障碍的机制。方法:将30只SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、电针组,每组10只。用放射免疫法测定脑肠肽类激素下丘脑生长抑素(SS)和血清胃泌素(GAS)的含量。结果:慢性应激抑郁型模型大鼠下丘脑SS显著下降和血清GAS显著升高(P<0.01);电针可以升高下丘脑SS和降低血清GAS含量(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:调节脑肠肽类激素的释放,可能是电针改善抑郁状态下大鼠消化功能的作用途径之一。     

光谱成像检验法在朱墨时序鉴定中的应用

光敏印文色料与签字笔书写色料交叉重叠后,因互溶渗透不易形成层状结构而使判定朱墨时序的难度较大。光谱成像检验法是通过比较交叉点、纯印文色料、纯墨迹色料处的反射曲线位置来判定交叉时序关系。