区域经济一体化对GATT/WTO体制的冲击和影响

GATT/WTO的制度缺陷通过区域经济一体化在形式和内容的发展更加明显,由于缺少权威的组织机构、无条件和自动适用的最惠国待遇原则以及受谈判方数目的影响,两者出现了此消彼长的趋势;GATT/WTO在规范区域经济一体化中存在着实体上、程序上和规范经济事物中的附加困难;区域经济一体化发展对国际经济法的贡献包括:区域经济一体化的发展在各主权国家中继续强化了国际经济法的普遍原则,扩展了国际经济法调整的领域,改进了调整的方式和效果,同时也为国际经济法整合区域经济组织与多边贸易体系产生了结构性动力。     

Trading in development: norms and institutions in the making/unmaking of European Union–African,Caribbean and Pacific trade and development cooperation

This paper offers a contribution to recent debates on European Union (EU) external trade and development policy, with a specific focus on the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) group of countries. The question asked is why the EU encountered such difficulties in the attempt to translate its normative preferences for freer trade and closer economic integration into a series of binding agreements? Drawing on both economic constructivist and historical institutionalist insights, it is argued that the case for reform initially rested on a strong convergence between institutions and ideas, enabling the EU to discursively present desired policy reforms as necessary to satisfy World Trade Organisation trade rules. However, in due course, the institutional dynamics behind the latter began to diverge from the EU's policy preferences and blunt its norm-based argument – thus creating the space for transnational coalitions to, first, question and, ultimately, undermine aspects the EU's trade and development prospectus for the ACP.     

Return to Europe – A double-edged sword for notaries? The case of Poland and Hungary

Using Poland as a case study, the Polish sociologist Piotr Sztompka has demonstrated most persuasively the significance of trust (and distrust) as a key to the analysis and understanding of socio-political and socio-cultural developments in Central Europe in the transition to democracy. Sztompka's study ends upbeat with a brief glance at the situation in the late 1990s. Had the book been written a decade later, it would have revealed that the path ahead has remained rocky. Public trust in governments, politicians and public institutions generally has remained a scarce commodity.It is against this background that the restoration of an independent civil law notariat, as an integral part of the ‘return to Europe’ project, has occurred in Poland, and, mutatis mutandis, in other Central European countries. However, following a first decade of successful transformation from state employment to liberal profession, notaries in Central Europe now find that it is precisely because they have embraced the status of Western-style liberal professionals that they are coming under attack by both the European Commission and their own national governments. As a result, they have had to embark on a process of reconsideration of their position in order to ensure the profession's survival. This paper traces and compares developments in Poland and Hungary. As can be expected there is a strong common denominator between them. But equally and more interestingly, there are distinctive national features which now, as ‘bloc history’ recedes, are coming increasingly to the fore.     

我国入世后人才资源管理与开发的战略思考

文章指出当前我国人力资源的现状 ,以及培育我国人才应该瞄准的方向 ,阐述在加入WTO的历史背景下我国人才资源需求的趋势和开发的方向 ,提出我国人才资源在管理和开发上的战略举措。并认为必须切实建立起适应WTO规则和我国国情的“人力资源经营管理模式” ,创造能充分发挥各类人才的主动性与创造性的工作氛围 ,才能从根本上提高人才资源的国际竞争力。     

农业"入世"对中国政府的挑战(上)

该文从政府的农业计划管理体制、政府管理农业的职能、政府自主制定农业政策、政府改革农业管理体制等方面阐述了农业"入世"对我国中央和地方政府的挑战,进而论述了对农业和农村体制改革的紧迫性、深刻性和艰巨性,在此基础上提出了对农业和农村体制改革的若干建议,并特别强调农业"入世"的应对与改革必须以保护和增进农民权益为基准和目标.     

农业"入世"对中国政府的挑战(下)

文章紧接上期提出了对农业和农村体制改革的若干建议,并特别强调农业"入世"的应对与改革必须加以保护和增进的农民权益基准和目标.     

Hungary's pre-accession strategy to the European Union in education, training and research

The article presents an analysis of the expected impact of EU accession on the Hungarian education, training and academic research system with a number of recommendations for an integration policy in these sectors. The first part of the article develops four themes: (1) the current level of preparation of the country for accession in the education sector, (2) the possible longer term benefits of accession, (3) the shorter term costs and (4) the most important elements of a policy of integration. A distinction is made between material and cultural, and that of political cost and benefits, the stress being laid on the second. One of the conclusions of the author is that accession may open up a number of new opportunities for the development and modernisation of the country but that these can be exploited only if the country has a coherent sectorial strategy. Specific preparation actions are proposed in the areas of school education, higher education, vocational training and research policy. The article presents a list of the most important short term government measures and the needs for institutional development. It also makes a proposal for possible further themes of investigation and research. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

WTO对RTAS的法律约束

本文指出随着世界贸易的繁荣发展,各国纷纷签订了区域贸易协议(RTA),RTA方便多国贸易的同时对WTO体制有很大的促进作用,但也对WTO提出了很大的挑战。     

论WTO争端解决机制的特色——以与GATT的对比为核心

WTO争端解决机制是在GATT争端解决机制的基础上建立起来的。WTO争端解决机制作为向多边贸易体制提供安全及可预见性的核心制度,是成员方解决政府间贸易争端的强制性及排他性的合法渠道,是一种以法律规则为基础的国际争端解决机制。本文试从GATT到WTO争端解决机制的形成过程入手,并从争端解决方式,处理步骤,约束力方面以及对发展中国家的影响四方面对GATT和WTO下的争端解决机制进行对比分析,在此基础上,针对我国国情,对中国适用争端解决机制时提出一些建议。     

入世对行政执法的要求

入世在一定意义上是政府入世,入世必将对我国行政执法的整体水平提出更高的要求,其主要体现在行政执法依据、行政执法程序、行政执法监督和救济等几个方面。