论互联网时代诽谤罪的公诉范围

我国刑法对诽谤罪采取自诉为主、公诉为补充的双轨制模式。由于刑法但书“严重危害社会秩序和国家利益”的公诉依据具有模糊性,同时司法解释本身缺乏解释力和可操作性,存在同义解释、近义解释等问题,加剧了公诉诽谤罪和其他罪名之间的冲突和竞合,特别是当被害人为地方领导干部时,诽谤罪的公诉权在实务中存在被滥用风险,部分限制公诉权的要件在实务中被淡化甚至忽略。从相对狭义的角度看,“严重危害社会秩序和国家利益”只有在行为人对侵犯个体法益具备主观故意,但对侵犯社会法益或国家法益不具备主观故意(或无法证明其具备故意)的情形下,才有其独特的法律适用价值并不与刑法其他罪名相冲突。为妥善处理和平衡诽谤犯罪中惩治犯罪和保障人权的关系,适应互联网时代的内外部变化,建议通过修改我国刑法,将诽谤罪区分为情节不严重、情节严重、情节特别严重的三种形态,为充分保障宪法权利,情节不严重的不作为犯罪处罚;为充分保障自诉权,情节严重的为绝对告诉乃论;为依法惩治犯罪,对符合特定形式要件和实质要件,情节特别严重的诽谤犯罪可以依法公诉,以维护网络信息秩序。     

对侦查讯问轻程序现状的思考

当前,在刑事侦查讯问中存在重实体轻程序的状况,此种情形严重影响办案质量,侵犯了犯罪嫌疑人的合法权利,损害了法律的尊严并危及我国的法制建设和人民民主专政。因此,必须正确处理刑事诉讼法和刑法的关系,了解侦查讯问轻程序现状的危害与成因,并制定了相应的对策,以保障刑事办案的质量和我国法制的健康发展。     

离婚诉讼“举证难”问题探析——以无过错女性为视角

无过错女性在离婚损害赔偿诉讼中处于弱势地位，由于案件性质以及立法规定不完善等原因，导致了无过错女性在离婚损害赔偿诉讼中举证困难。破解无过错女性“举证难”之问题，除了加强法制宣传教育，提高其法律意识和自我保护能力，以及在该类案件中采用“高度盖然性”的证明标准，且在特定情形下实行举证责任倒置原则之外，私人侦探的调查取证亦是解决该问题的可行途径。     

关于盗窃市政公共设施行为的刑法规则探析

盗窃市政公共设施,足以使不特定多数人的生命健康、不特定车辆的安全处于危险状态,其行为已触犯了以危险方法危害公共安全罪。对此,市政部门建议应当使用法律制裁手段,特别是用比较严厉的刑罚来预防和惩治盗窃市政公共设施的行为,以此来维护市政公共设施的正常运行,保护市民生命财产安全。     

High‐Conflict Divorce: A form of Child Neglect

In high‐conflict divorce cases, the emotional toll on the family unit is unquestionably destructive. While the physical and mental health of the children should be the primary focus, the emotional turmoil of a high‐conflict divorce often moves the focus away from the children as parents struggle emotionally and financially. Although the best interests of the children are always in the judicial purview, the repeated, lengthy, and hostile litigation process often associated with high‐conflict dissolution has lasting effects on the physical and mental health of children, similar to those associated with physical abuse and neglect. Child Protective Services (CPS) must step in and protect the emotional well‐being of children during high‐conflict divorce cases.     

Why criminal harms matter: Plato’s abiding insight in the Laws

Commentators have contested the role of resulting harm in criminal law since the time of Plato. Unfortunately, they have neglected what may be not only the best discussion of the issue, but also the first—namely, Plato’s one-paragraph discussion in the Laws. Plato’s discussion succeeds in reconciling two, seemingly irreconcilable viewpoints that till now have been in stalemate. Thus, Plato reconciles the view, that an offender’s desert is solely a function of his subjective willingness to act in disregard of the legitimate interests of others, with the view that criminal sentences can appropriately be made to depend upon how indignant, angry, and upset society is at an offender based upon the results of his culpable conduct. In doing so, Plato casts light on retributive theories of punishment by suggesting that an adjudicator can be committed to retribution and yet rightly believe that it is inappropriate to give an offender the full punishment he deserves. He also lays a basis for the view that causation, rather being predicates for the just punishment of offenders toward whom the public is intuitively angry for harm, is the consequence of the public’s being intuitively angry at offenders for harm.

An optimal anti-drug law enforcement policy

This article presents a model for a drug law enforcement policy whose objective is harm reduction, including the net cost of law enforcement, social harm and surplus of agents. We consider a vertically organized distribution system with two levels, traffickers and retailers. The two questions concern which type of sellers have to be prosecuted and which law enforcement policy should be implemented that is, the probability of being caught and the severity of the punishment. We show that a trafficker-oriented law enforcement regime can avoid counter-productive policies. Moreover, decriminalization or depenalization is optimal under some conditions depending on the relationship between social harm and consumption.     

论网络犯罪的现象和原因

网络犯罪是典型的计算机犯罪 ,网络的发展 ,既可以促进社会经济的全面发展 ,也有可能给人类社会带来不可估计的损失 ,我们应以客观的态度来看待这个问题。不能盲目惊喜于网络给我们社会带来的种种便利 ,过分夸张网络的无所不能 ,认为发展了科学技术就能自动地解决社会生活中的种种问题 ,而忽视它的不稳定性 ;也不能对网络全面否定 ,忽视网络对社会的推动作用 ,进而人为地限制网络的正常发展 ,这样更是得不偿失的。     

略论恐怖活动产生的原因、特点、危害及打击对策

恐怖主义是指以暴力活动方式达到政治目的的理论、思潮和主张。恐怖活动就是某些组织为达到其政治目的而采取的危害国家安全、危害社会公共安全的严重犯罪活动。冷战结束后,意识形态的对抗消失,种族矛盾、民族纷争、宗教矛盾及其它矛盾冲突的加剧和凸现,再加上国际霸权主义势力粗暴干涉别国内政,扰乱了正常的国际和地区秩序,给恐怖主义思想的产生蔓延、恐怖组织的形成及恐怖事件的发生提供了温床。“9·11”恐怖袭击事件再次引起国际社会对恐怖主义与反恐怖问题的高度重视。打击恐怖主义,维护国家安全和社会公共安全,成为世界各国政府高度重视的工作。而研究恐怖主义及其组织产生蔓延的原因、特点、危害和打击防范的措施手段,也成为我国从现在到今后很长一段时间内必须高度重视的工作。