实验性雏鸡铜中毒的病理学研究

选用1日龄艾维茵肉鸡180只随机分为3组,分别以对照日粮(Cu 11.97 mg/kg)、铜中毒Ⅰ组日粮(Cu 650 mg/kg)和铜中毒Ⅱ组日粮(Cu 850 mg/kg)饲喂6周,以实验病理学方法系统研究了铜中毒对雏鸡组织器官和某些血液指标的影响。2个铜中毒组在试验的第2、3周先后出现临床症状;铜中毒Ⅱ组雏鸡的发病率和死亡率高于铜中毒Ⅰ组。病理形态学观察,2个铜中毒组的病变基本一致,表现为肌胃角质层增厚、龟裂,肠绒毛裸露断裂,伴有坏死;肝细胞脂肪变性;肾小管上皮细胞变性,坏死脱落;淋巴免疫器官体积缩小、重量减轻、淋巴细胞数量减少。2个铜中毒组雏鸡血清谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著升高,红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。表明,雏鸡在生长发育的2~6周对高剂量铜较为敏感,毒性损坏的靶器官是肝、肾、胃肠道和淋巴免疫器官,铜中毒导致雏鸡组织器官受损、功能障碍及免疫功能低下,最终导致发病、死亡。     

锌中毒对天府肉鸭红细胞免疫功能的影响

通过人工复制天府肉鸭锌中毒病理模型 ,测定锌中毒对不同日龄鸭红细胞C3b受体(C3bRR)花环和免疫复合物花环 (ICR)率的影响。结果表明 ,锌中毒使鸭红细胞表面补体受体CR1数目减少或活性降低 ,血清循环免疫复合物增高 ,红细胞免疫功能受损。     

Death following injection sclerotherapy due to phenol toxicity

Prolapse rectum (PR) or protrusion of the rectum beyond the anus occurs frequently in populations at both extremes of age. In the pediatric population, in developed countries, the commonest cause for PR is thought to be cystic fibrosis (CF). Treatment options for CF include conservative management, surgical resection and fixation, suturing, and injection sclerotherapy (IS). The last is considered an attractive treatment option because it is minimally invasive. In this case report, the authors present the details about a 2-year-old female child, with PR and CF, who died after IS, using phenol as the sclerotherapeutic agent. Autopsy findings and toxicology tests performed to establish phenol toxicity are documented. The available literature is reviewed. This case report underscores the risks of using phenol for IS and emphasizes the point that the procedure is not innocuous and an adverse outcome including fatality is a possibility.     

Fingerprint Change: Not Visible,But Tangible

Hand–foot syndrome, a chemotherapy‐induced cutaneous toxicity, can cause an alteration in fingerprints causing a setback for cancer patients due to the occurrence of false rejections. A colon cancer patient was fingerprinted after not having been able to use fingerprint recognition devices after 6 months of adjuvant chemotherapy. The fingerprint images were digitally processed to improve fingerprint definition without altering the papillary design. No evidence of skin toxicity was present. Two months later, the situation returned to normal. The fingerprint evaluation conducted on 15 identification points highlighted the quantitative and qualitative fingerprint alteration details detected after the end of chemotherapy and 2 months later. Fingerprint alteration during chemotherapy has been reported, but to our knowledge, this particular case is the first ever reported without evident clinical signs. Alternative fingerprint identification methods as well as improved biometric identification systems are needed in case of unexpected situations.     

Suicide by gabapentin overdose

Gabapentin is an antiepileptic drug that is prescribed for both FDA-approved and multiple off-label conditions, and has a relatively safe side-effect profile. Rare cases of overdose-related adverse effects have been reported in the literature. Described herein are the circumstances and autopsy findings of a 62-year-old woman with a history of depression, whose death was caused by intentional ingestion of excess gabapentin. The postmortem peripheral blood gabapentin concentration as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy was 88 μg/mL. Previously reported cases of individuals surviving gabapentin overdoses are discussed and compared with this case. Based on a review of the available literature, this appears to be the first published report of a death due solely to gabapentin toxicity.     

Fatality involving complications of bupivacaine toxicity and hypersensitivity reaction

This case represents unusual findings of elevated bupivacaine and tryptase concentrations following local anesthetic, bupivacaine, administered as a scalene nerve block for elective rotator cuff repair surgery. Following bupivacaine injection, the patient exhibited almost immediate seizure activity, bradycardia, and cardiac arrest. Resuscitative efforts including cardiopulmonary bypass restored a cardiac rhythm. However, the clinical medical status of the patient progressively declined and he died 7 h following administration of the local anesthetic. Autopsy revealed several abnormalities of the heart including cardiomegaly, myocardial bridging, and lipomatous hypertrophy of the intraatrial septum, which may have contributed to bradycardia and arrhythmia. Postmortem toxicology results revealed elevated bupivacaine and tryptase concentrations. Elevated postmortem bupivacaine concentrations 7 h following administration and abrupt onset of seizures indicate unintentional intravascular injection instead of nerve and tissue infiltration. An elevated postmortem tryptase concentration points to the possibility of a hypersensitivity reaction to bupivacaine.     

甲基苯丙胺对大鼠外周血中肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素及肿瘤坏死因子-α的影响

目的观察甲基苯丙胺（MA）长时间给药对大鼠外周血中肾上腺素（N）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）及肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的影响。方法雄性SD大鼠25只随机分成实验组（20只）和对照组（5只）,实验组再分为1、2、4、8周给药组（每组5只）。采用MA（10mg/kg）进行腹膜下注射制作染毒模型,应用放射免疫酶标技术检测大鼠外周血中N和NE;应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测外周血中TNF-α的水平。结果实验组各大鼠饮食量下降及饮水量增加,其外周血中N和NE水平增高,TNF-α表达增强,与对照组比较均有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论长时间使用MA可以引起外周血中N和NE增高及TNF-α表达增强,可能是MA引起心脏损害的重要机制之一。     

基于GC-MS的溴鼠灵毒性代谢组学研究

目的运用尿液代谢组学方法对溴鼠灵毒性进行研究,揭示溴鼠灵干预对大鼠毒性作用的分子机制。方法采用气相色谱-质谱建立大鼠尿液的代谢指纹谱,采用主成分分析和偏最小二乘法判别分析比较溴鼠灵给药前后的代谢谱差异,利用正交偏最小二乘判别分析法找出与溴鼠灵毒性作用相关的差异代谢物。结果 PLS-DA得分图显示大鼠不同时点尿液样本代谢物轨迹在各时间段内相似度较好,呈现各自聚类现象。溴鼠灵中毒后,可诱导DNA损伤和突变,机体对神经损伤、肾损伤也出现修复、保护性反应。结论该研究结果表明代谢组学可为溴鼠灵毒性作用机制研究提供技术支持。     

发光细菌在法医毒物检测中的应用

目的利用发光细菌-青海弧菌Q67对于法医毒物的敏感性,建立一种案发现场快速检测法医毒物的发光细菌检测方法。方法制备冷冻干燥青海弧菌Q67测试液,将法医毒物检材的不同浓度稀释液加入制备好的青海弧菌Q67测试液中,通过检测青海弧菌Q67反应前后的相对发光强度的变化,计算出样本对青海弧菌Q67相对发光强度的变化率或抑制率,对法医毒物检材的毒性进行生物影响的定性评价。结果通过对包含多种农药混合物的法医检材稀释液的测试,发现发光细菌检测结果呈阳性的4个检材对青海弧菌Q67的发光强度抑制率分别为：100.00%,90.41%,84.26%,88.81%。结论通过对包含多种农药混合物的法医检材的测试表明,青海弧菌Q67发光检测方法对法医毒物的毒性的检测是一种快速、灵敏的现场检测方法。