乡村集体企业的兴衰及“改制”的社会学剖析

乡村集体企业既是中国农民继家庭联产承包责任制之后的又一创举,从某种意义上说也是面对难以突破的城乡二元结构所采取的"无奈"之举。城市改革、国有企业的改革以及大量外资的引入、私营个体经济的高速发展,尤其是买方市场的普遍确立,都直接导致了数以万计的乡村集体企业陷入前所未有的危机。乡村集体企业从整体上的"改制"标志着人民公社体制的最终退出。不能将"超级村庄"作为乡村发展的高级阶段来理解,城乡一体化、城乡协调发展才是实现中国农村现代化的必由之路。     

Entrepreneurship and University Licensing

Outside invention has gained in importance as universities are actively seeking commercialization of their inventions since the passage of the Bayh-Dole Act. The paper analyzes the incentives to invent for outside and inside inventors. It is shown that outside inventors have greater incentives to invent than incumbents. Outside inventors can always fully appropriate the gains from invention irrespective of market structures and firm behaviour. Moreover, outside invention prompts incumbents to commercialize an invention in contrast to inside invention. Embryonic inventions could best be commercialized by new enterprises due to the uncertainty of their outcomes. Cooperative invention could boost consumer welfare but constitutes a lackluster incentive to invent.     

Art et artisanat en Afrique Noire: Problèmes d'une définition différentielle

In 1977, John Lonsdale published a review of William R. Ochieng's study APre-Colonial History of the Gusii of Western Kenya in the Kenya Historical Review. Entitled “When did the Gusii (or any other group) become a ‘Tribe’?”, the ten-page article was less a book review and more a treatise on the practice of history in Africa. Taking Lonsdale's question as a point of inspiration, this article provides a critical rethinking of the theories of “tribe”, ethnicity and identity politics that continue to dominate African scholarship by examining the particular case of the Luyia in western Kenya. Through the seemingly incongruous and stubbornly diverse accounting of Luyia political community, this study suggests that histories of ethnic identity remain trapped by their own constructivist logic, elevating the “inventors” of traditional accounts at the expense of the plural and dissenting voices that characterise the multiple forms of political imagination practised across Africa that, while diverse, continue to rely on the idiom of the “tribe”.     

杂交种知识产权申请方式探讨

申请不同的知识产权,可获得不同的权利保护。符合植物新品种条件的杂交种亲本,应申请品种权。杂交种不是品种,是一种生产方法;不愿申请品种权,应申请生产方法发明专利权。对控制目标性状的目的基因,应申请基因发明专利权。     

互联网发展对公共决策体制创新的作用

我国经济体制转轨与政府职能转换 ,使公共决策开始面临一系列新的课题 ,而要解决这些问题 ,必然涉及公共决策体制的创新 ;互联网的发展与普及 ,为公共决策体制创新带来了新的机遇和条件 ;将互联网引入公共决策过程 ,有助于公共决策文化更新、公共决策信息系统更新和公共决策组织系统更新。这不应是个放任自流的过程 ,需要政府予以必要的规范     

高智发明模式的价值链分析与启示

高智发明公司作为新型的专门经营发明业务的公司,目前已基本形成其内部价值链,而关于发明的稳固的产业价值链尚未形成,价值链与产业、市场密不可分,高智发明的经营模式启示我们建立一个发明资本市场.虽然目前仍存在包括专利海盗在内的诸多障碍,但建立发明资本市场是一个必然趋势.     

浅谈等同原则在变劣发明侵权诉讼中的适用

变劣发明通常是改变专利的某些技术特征从而使其效果和功能都不如专利产品的发明，变劣发明能否适用等同原则认定为侵权一直是司法实务中的一个争议，文章从案例入手对等同原则和变劣发明进行分析，认为变劣发明不应适用等同原则认定为侵权。     

票据行为性质之我见

票据行为是票据法的理论基础,其性质如何,各国立法和理论向来存在争议。关于票据行为性质的各种学说,发行说较为可取。但为保护善意第三人利益,各种学说都需要与权利外观理论相结合,以维护交易安全。     

Unearthing the realities of rape: Utilising Victorian newspaper reportage to fill in the contextual gaps

This article examines the realities of rape and sexual offences and their treatment through the legal process by use of media reportage, Victorian and modern; using this to contextualise and so to challenge the official record. The starting point is an identification of what constitutes ‹best’ evidence for an exploration of rape and sexual offences – evidence that permits better insights into the impact of such offences on the individuals involved, as well as into the factors governing the ability of the criminal justice process to promote the conviction rate in rape cases. By using a comparative historical perspective, and using media presentations (especially newspaper reportage) this article shows the enduring nature of stereotypes which govern the decisions reached by legal personnel and by jurors – stereotypes which have, since the Victorian period, remained profoundly gendered in ways that are unhelpful to the ‹victims’.