The European airline industry: law and economics of low cost carriers

This article offers an analysis of the European airline industry in order to understand the new dynamics of the competitive field. The liberalization process did not lead the entrance of competitors similar to incumbents, but a new organizational model has been developed, the one of low cost carriers. The incumbents’ reaction to the liberalization process coupled with the entrance of low cost companies into the sector are hence considered. Two theories are analysed: the contestable markets theory, to understand the theoretical vision that has influenced the liberalization process, and the core theory, a modern approach to the concept of destructive competition that, according to some authors, is a recurring problem in the sector. While numerous barriers to entry still exist, the paper examines how the organizational model of low cost companies has helped new entrants to overtake these obstacles. By the same token, the application of the core theory does not seem to justify strategic alliances taking place in these years. The competitive framework is definitely clearer if we analyse sector changes in a different way, from the point of view of low cost companies considered as new market actors.     

论民法基本原则生态化的价值理念与技术路径

民法基本原则的生态化是民法生态化的重要内容。民法基本原则应否生态化涉及民法价值理念问题之认识,而民法基本原则能否生态化涉及民法解释技术探讨问题。民法基本原则的生态化应包括平等原则、自愿原则、公平原则、诚实信用原则、公序良俗原则以及权利不得滥用原则的生态化。绿色环保原则的价值理念与基本精神可以分化到民法原有基本原则中,这样既能保持民法基本原则形式方面的稳定性,也能赋予民法基本原则内容上的生态环境保护气质。归纳起来,分散式的、适度性的生态化意义解释性拓展是民法基本原则生态化的价值理念的最佳表达,司法层面的生态化意义解释性拓展则是民法基本原则生态化的技术路径的最佳概括。     

低自我控制与家庭社会经济地位在青少年犯罪中的作用——我国青少年犯罪成因实证研究初探

本研究分别对以官方统计数据和自我报告法获得的数据进行初步回归分析发现,在影响青少年犯罪的多种因素中,"低自我控制(low self-control)"的解释力最为突出,证实了青春期特有的身心冲突极有可能是导致此人生阶段犯罪(或偏差行为)激增的主要因素。同时我们还发现了家庭社会经济地位在青少年犯罪中的特殊作用。     

关于工程招投标中低价竞标的正确理解与应用

在我国现阶段招投标实施中低价竞标法给人产生了许多负面印象及错误认识，本文就如何正确认识及合理运用低价竞标法进行一些初步探讨。     

中日"世界工厂"的比较

日本在上世纪一度扮演过“世界工厂”的角色。但进入21世纪以来，中国制造的商品犹如潮水般涌向世界各地，于是人们议论中国已成为“世界工厂”。但从实际情况来看，“中国制造”的量尽管可以与以前世界上的任何一个工业国相提并论，但在质的方面却难以乐观。为此，应根据科学发展观的要求，努力提高产品的质量与附加值，实现从“工业大国”到“工业强国”的转变。     

优秀传统文化应成为大众文化的主流

近代以来,传统文化逐渐丧失了其在大众文化中的主体地位,在全球化的背景下应该重构传统文化的主体地位,社会解组论有助于解释这个问题。传统文化的主体重构应该坚持与时俱进的方针。     

我国国债市场的发展现状及存在的问题

近年来,我国的国债市场取得了令人瞩目的成就.但是,当前我国国债市场仍然面临着一系列问题,大力发展以国债市场为主的债券市场,发挥债券市场在金融商品的定价基准、投资组合和风险管理、有效配置社会资金资源的有效作用,已经成为各方共识.     

Generating DNA profiles from immunochromatographic cards using LCN methodology

The aim of this research was to obtain DNA profiles from immunochromatographic test devices which have already yielded positive results with body fluids obtained from fourteen volunteers. Three different immunochromatographic cards for the identification of human blood and one for the identification of human saliva were used for this research. Each body fluid was detected using the appropriate immunochromatographic card. The used cards were kept at room temperature for various lengths of time. The membranes were removed at the end of the designated times and the entire strip was extracted using low copy number (LCN) extraction procedure. The extracted DNA was amplified using reduced amplification volume and higher PCR cycle numbers. Autosomal STR profiles were detected using AmpFℓSTR^® Identifiler™ PCR Amplification Kit from Applied Biosystems (AB). Additionally, DNA extracted from the male volunteers was amplified using the AB AmpFℓSTR^® Yfiler™ PCR Amplification Kit. Analysis of the amplified products was carried out by capillary electrophoresis injection on the AB 3130xl Genetic Analyzer. The generated DNA data was analyzed using the SoftGenetics GeneMarker^® HID Version 1.7 software.Autosomal and Y-STR DNA profiles were obtained from most of the cards which were stored at room temperature for up to three months. DNA profile was obtained from all four types of the immunochromatographic cards used in this study. These profiles were concordant with the profiles obtained from the donors’ reference samples.     

“低碳”世园会对城市生态化建设的启示

发展“低碳经济”已成为世界各国的共识,倡导低碳消费也成为各国实现城市生态化的必然选择。2011年西安世园会倡导“绿色引领时尚”理念,这正是低碳视角下城市生态化的充分体现。揭示低碳经济的内涵、特点及对构建生态城市的意义,从园区规划建设入手全方位解读西安世园会。对构建生态文明。实现城市生态化有一定启示和借鉴意义。     

Introduction to special section on the biological standard of living

In December 2008 the WOG Historical Demography organised a workshop at Ghent University that covered a wide range of topics from fertility trends and kinship characteristics to health issues. The presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop provided the inspiration for this special section on the biological standard of living. The articles in this section offer valuable contributions for three of those biological measures: height, mortality and cause of death. The introduction to the section demonstrates the significance of this particular kind of evidence for our understanding of social and economic history. Exploring and analysing the well-being of populations is one of the most interesting and main challenges of social scientists. As the articles in this special section show, using historical evidence on the health and height of a population is extremely important for our understanding of certain socio-economic processes, but also extremely complex.