Fear of victimization and health

Fear of victimization may have consequences for subjective well-being. I develop and test a model linking fear of victimization to subjective health. I hypothesize that two processes link fear to subjective health-psychological and behavioral. Specifically, I hypothesize that fear of victimization increases psychological distress, and fear decreases outdoor physical activity, especially walking. High levels of psychological distress and low levels of walking, in turn, are associated with poor self-reported health. I find empirical support for the hypothesized processes in a representative national sample of 2031 adults aged 18 to 90 interviewed by telephone in 1990. The negative association between fear and health is explained largely by psychological distress and walking. However, a significant direct effect remains. I conclude with suggestions for future research linking crime and health, focusing on the need for collecting information on community disorganization. Community context is likely the ultimate exogenous variable-the one that sets in motion the destructive cycle of fear, distress, inactivity, and poor health described here.     

Correlates of Mortality in a U.S. Cohort of Youth, 1980–98: Implications for Social Justice

This paper reports results of a study based on a nationally representative sample of U.S. youth (N = 11,549) that asked two questions: (1) How does family structure affect the likelihood of adolescent death beyond that of race/ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, personal behavior, and other structural factors and (2) under what conditions might appeals for social justice be warranted for relative mortality statuses and for absolute gains in mortality? The study found that marital instability increases the likelihood of dying when controlling for a variety of other factors including class, race/ethnicity, sex, and unemployment rate in area of residence. The author argues that this finding lends support to social justice arguments to redistribute resources in such a way as to ensure the likelihood of absolute gains in mortality. The study also found, however, that race/ethnicity/sex also accounted for the likelihood of dying independently of family structure when controlling for socioeconomic and other factors. The author argues that this finding lends support to social justice arguments to redistribute resources on the basis of relative mortality statuses.     

Hearts, as well as Minds: Wellbeing and Illness among Greek Cypriot Refugees

Recently the psycho-social health of refugees has rightly receivedemphasis, but the physical health of long-term refugees warrantssimilar attention. This paper uses qualitative and quantitativedata on informant-reported health outcomes for two Greek Cypriotvillage cohorts, one displaced, the other not displaced. Supplementarydata from a national diabetes prevalence study confirmed a possiblelink between refugee status and greater probability of cardiovascularillness. Depressive illness also seemed higher among the refugeevillage cohort. But it is not only the illness of some of theserefugees, but their surviving this, and the comparative wellnessof others which is important, compared with the ‘demographicshock’ victims of post-socialist Europe, 1989–1995.The paper suggests why the Greek Cypriots have done rather betterin health terms than the post-socialists of Eastern Europe,1989–1995, but argues that refugees in failing statesmay have much worse health outcomes.     

监狱人民警察的心理障碍及其调适

监狱人民警察的心理障碍是由心理征候集合而表现出的心理病变状态.监狱人民警察产生心理障碍的因素包括:工作劳累导致"心累";任务繁重,工作压力大;社会不理解,遭人非议;人际关系紧张、冲突;家庭成员的不理解、埋怨等.监狱人民警察的心理调适,是运用心理学的理论和方法,进行科学地有效调整,使监狱人民警察保持积极向上的健康的心理状态的过程.对监狱人民警察中出现的心理失衡现象,其克服的方法和途径主要有自我心理调适;家庭的心理调适;监狱领导机关对监狱人民警察的心理保健措施.     

城市公共危机管理问题及其对策

当今中国处于各种危机频发的转型时期,城市作为社会的基本单元,面临着多元化危机的威胁。城市应该通过建立城市危机管理核心决策机构,建立一套城市的危机应急联动体系,借鉴先进的危机管理理念,运用高科技的信息技术以及完善城市的危机应对网络体系,来构建出高效的城市危机管理体制。     

浅议健康教育的作用

健康教育是解决当今社会主要卫生问题的首要对策.健康教育对于改变人们不健康折行为和生活方式,提高全民族的健康水平,保障社会劳动生产力,维护社会稳定,都具有非常重要的作用.     

美国对华政策的基本取向是导致台海危机的根本动因

长期以来,台湾问题一直是影响中美关系正常发展的关键问题之一。然而,美国对华政策的基本取向始终是将台湾视为不享有主权国家之名的独立的“政治实体”。美国为了其亚太战略乃至全球战略利益考虑,不遗余力地为台湾“拓展国际空间”和制造“双重承认”创造有利的外部环境。正是由于美国的支持和纵容,台湾当局在处理两岸关系上,已经逐渐背离了“一个中国”的基本原则,其“台独”的反动嘴脸昭然若揭。     

近年来国内学者关于人类中心主义研究述评

人类中心主义近年来不断受到人们的关注,有关研究存在重大理论分歧。在争论中提出了一系列重大的理论问题,比如人类中心主义的内涵和分类,人类中心主义是否是环境恶化的元凶,自然界自身的价值,以及走进还是走出人类中心主义的问题。     

重大体育事件突发性公共安全问题及对策研究

城市重大体育事件是指以租用、借用或者以其他形式临时占用公共场所,面向社会公众举办,单次参加人员在10000人以上的群体性活动,包括体育比赛、体育展览展销以及含有竞技色彩的民俗活动等。在重大体育事件过程中,突发性公共安全危害可分为群体械斗事件、拥挤践踏事故两类。重大体育事件对地方发展具有的重要意义已成为我国各地政府的共识,但随着规模扩大和场次的增加,其安全保卫难度也随之提高。对重大体育事件安全保障战略和路径设计是:形成以政府为主导,以企业、非营利性组织为联盟的安全保障主体;构建灵活有效的危机安全防范体系;加强公众安全防范教育;注意体育场馆、公共场所的细节设计。     

试论警察院校学生心理健康教育体系的构建

目前警察院校学生的心理健康问题比较严重,构建心理健康教育体系很有必要。整个心理健康教育体系应由心理健康教育目标、心理健康教育内容和心理健康教育方法等子体系构成。同时,为了保证警察院校学生心理健康教育的顺利进行,还需要建立、健全心理健康教育的领导管理、运作和环境保障机制。