完善我国农村金融的若干思考

农村经济的发展离不开农村金融的支持。当前我国农村金融体系不完善，市场不成熟，金融服务不发达，市场缺乏竞争主体和竞争机制。推进农村金融改革，应坚持以农为本，建立新型农村金融组织体系，增强农村金融服务，构建良好的金融生态环境。     

关于认定“赌资较大”问题的思考

"赌资较大"问题看似简单,实则涉及到合法与违法的界线问题,只有解决了这一问题,才能更好地指导赌博违法案件的办理。     

我国当前洗钱犯罪的新形式及其防范对策——兼对洗钱犯罪刑法意义的商榷

当前“洗钱”作为一个全球性的问题 ,已经严重影响到全球经济的正常发展。在中国 ,“洗钱”正严重侵蚀着中国的经济基础 ,出现资本外逃、滋生腐败、带来金融市场隐患等一系列问题。通过对洗钱犯罪的概念、我国当前洗钱犯罪的新形式、我国刑法对此类犯罪的认识深化过程的分析和刑法意义上的商榷 ,以找出目前在防范洗钱犯罪方面存在的问题及应进一步采取的措施     

论洗钱犯罪的社会危害性及其防范

洗钱犯罪是一种社会危害性极大的犯罪形式。它主要通过对金融体系的渗入使犯罪非法所得的脏钱合法化。其社会危害性主要表现为 :1 对犯罪活动的侦查设置了障碍 ,妨碍了司法追究 ;2 使财物最初合法持有的国家、企业或个人丧失了请求反还的权利 ;3 破坏金融机构的信誉 ;4 造成政治和社会秩序不稳定。措施 :1 加强对国家金融机构的监管 ;2 加强对有组织犯罪洗钱的防范 ;3 完善刑事立法 ;4 加强国际合作。     

我国网络赌球治理中的法律困境与对策

近年来,网络赌球风潮正由我国沿海地区向内地逐步蔓延.在对网络赌球的法律治理方面,存在着诸多难题:首先,惩处普通赌客的法律力度较轻,缺乏威慑力;其次,惩处足球相关从业者、第三方支付商时缺乏合适的罪名.为了根除网络赌球带来的危害,我们应采取如下法律对策:普通赌客达到参赌数额较大的标准时将会受到刑法处罚;设立操纵体育比赛结果罪来惩治相关从业者的“假、赌、黑”行为;通过扩展洗钱罪上游犯罪罪名数目的方式将第三方支付商置于《反洗钱法》的监督之下.     

Empirical validation of a family-member prioritization approach to maximize statistical power in missing person cases

In order to prioritize the exhumation of the most informative reference relatives to increase the statistical power of a reference group, a conditional simulation approach for missing person identification that combines both exclusion and inclusion power in reference families has been previously developed. The aim of this study is to empirically validate this approach by comparing its predicted theoretical prioritization model with the observed changes in statistical power in real cases of our laboratory, in which new relatives had already been added. We conclude that this approach is a reliable tool to choose the most appropriate reference relatives to complete a family group and improve the identification power of a Missing Person (MP).     

Bilateral Asymmetry of Nutrient Foramen Position in Forearm Bones: Implications for its Use in Sorting Commingled Remains

Commingling is frequently encountered in cases examined by the Committee on Missing Persons in Cyprus, and pair‐matching is routinely used as a preliminary segregation method. Here we examine the degree of bilateral asymmetry in nutrient foramen position of the radius and ulna to determine whether nutrient foramen position may be useful in visual and/or ostetometric pair‐matching. Differences in nutrient foramen position between left‐right pairs from the same individual were compared with differences in nutrient foramen position between different individuals. Bilateral asymmetry in nutrient foramen position was found to be high, indicating that it is not a reliable trait for pair‐matching. Bilateral asymmetry and between‐person variation were found to differ between the two bones examined, suggesting that nutrient foramen position in other long bones should also be tested.     

Different skeletal elements as a source of DNA for genetic identification of Second World War victims

To this day process of identification of missing persons from skeletonized human remains with help of forensic genetics proves to be complex and challenging. The success rate of genetic identification in bones strongly depends on a combination of various factors, most importantly environmental factors and post-mortem interval. Furthermore, there are individual-specific factors that affect DNA preservation, such as race, gender, age and type of skeletal elements. The goal of our study was to optimize sampling process through determining which skeletal elements are superior in their preservation of DNA in 70-yearold skeletons belonging to victims of Second World War. We sampled different types of bones and teeth from three such skeletons found in Slovenian hidden mass grave Huda jama, 56 elements from each respective skeleton, together 168 elements. With the help of parameters, such as quantity of DNA, degradation rate and typing success, we tried to find the best types of elements to identify the victims. Prior to powdering bones and teeth, we removed contaminants. We decalcified 0.5 g bone and tooth powder followed by extraction and purification of DNA using Biorobot EZ1 (Qiagen). Quantification of obtained nuclear DNA was carried out using PowerQuant kit (Promega) and autosomal STR typing using ESSplex SE QS kit (Qiagen). Best parameters to assess skeletal elements that are superior in their DNA preservation were quantity of DNA and number of successfully typed STR loci. Metacarpal and metatarsal bones proved to be the best, followed by intermediate cuneiform, first distal foot phalanx, talus, petrous bone and tibia. We also created elimination database for persons involved in exhumation, anthropological and genetic analyses and exclude potential contamination.     

Explaining the unpopularity of public funding for congressional elections

This article uses data from the 2008 Cooperative Congressional Election Study to explain weak support for public financing of congressional campaigns. Previous studies lack theory to explain variation in support and use a flawed measure of the dependent variable. We argue that low support reflects a failure resulting from a collective action dilemma. Citizens desire a campaign finance system that weans politicians from private donors, but are unwilling to pay a small amount in taxes to support public financing. In contrast to conventional wisdom, we show that support for public financing is highest among those perceived to benefit the most from the current system. Our results suggest that most Americans would rather not pay for politics, and that reform proposals must avoid incurring transparent costs on individual citizens to pay for reform.     

Finding the missing and unknown: Novel educational approaches to warming up cold cases

In recent years, students in police academies and higher education institutions around the world have worked together to analyse cold cases including long-term missing persons cases in collaboration with investigators and prosecutors. In 2020, three European organisations, the Police Expert Network on Missing Persons (PEN-MP), AMBER Alert Europe and Locate International, succeeded in connecting these educational organisations enabling them to work collectively on cases and conduct cold case analyses (CCA) across international borders. The International Cold Case Analysis Project (ICCAP) learning objectives were to 1) collect the necessary information about the victim, 2) reconstruct the crime, and 3) investigate trace control.In a learning objective-based evaluation using Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing, 76 participating students from the German and International ICCAP teams were asked to complete a pre- and post-review questionnaire to self-assess their personal competence development. Participants reported significant increases in competence in all evaluated areas, thus demonstrating that authentic and relevant collaborations can enrich the learning environment, promote the use of professional skills, and provide significant knowledge exchange opportunities between academia and industry.Drawing on case studies of cold case missing persons' investigations and unidentified found remains, this article shares how university academics, students and community volunteers can work together nationally and internationally to find out what has happened to missing people and how we can more effectively identify the previously unidentified. In so doing, we share the expertise required to progress these cold cases and provide recommendations to support other institutions and organisations in adopting this innovative approach.