Blunt force cranial trauma in the Cambodian killing fields

In this paper we present a unique pattern of blunt force cranial trauma that was observed in 10 of a sample of 85 crania from a Cambodian skeletal collection comprised of Khmer Rouge victims. Initial examination of the trauma, which presents as substantial damage to the occipital with fractures extending to the cranial base, suggested the pattern was classifiable as a basilar or ring fracture. However, further investigation, including trauma analysis and historical research, revealed that this fracture type is distinctive from basilar and ring fractures. Historical data indicate that a particular execution method was the likely source of the trauma. Recognition of this trauma pattern is significant because it exemplifies the distinct fracture configuration resulting from an apparently categorical and methodical execution technique. Identification of this fracture type could potentially assist forensic investigators in the recognition of specific methods of murder or execution.     

Bite marks: physical properties of ring adhesion to skin-phase 1

Abstract: Unsupported excised skin may shrink by as much as 50% or more. In 1981, a method was developed for ring adhesion to skin with the goal of minimizing tissue distortion upon excision. Five modified versions of the technique bearing the author’s name followed (Dorion types I, II, III, IV, and V). The scientific literature reveals little supporting empirical evidence for the preferential use of one adhesive/suturing technique over another. This study compares the use of various bonding materials (Loctite Super Glue gel^®, Dermabond?, Vetbond?), cleaning agents (ethanol, dishwashing liquid, and shaving cream), and depilatory (Veet^®) on the effects of ring adhesion to skin. The conclusions indicate that surface wetness is the most influential factor affecting ring adhesion to skin, followed by the type of bonding material, its “freshness,” and by the cleaning agent used to prepare the skin. The use of a depilatory or shaving cream is to be avoided.     

Bite marks: physical properties of ring adhesion to skin--phase 2

Abstract: Bite Marks: This study demonstrated that surface wetness was the most influential factor affecting ring adhesion to skin. Also, chemical depilatories and shaving creams were to be avoided when cleaning the skin. The second phase of this research examines the tensile stress needed to rupture the bond between TAK^® hydroplastic, three new cyanoacrylates, and pigskin with particular consideration for temperature variations. This study also considers solubility issues of different cyanoacrylates in 10% formalin. Finally, the Dorion Type V bitemark excision technique could significantly reduce the risks of tissue distortion when used in conjunction with the following methods and materials. The skin should be devoid of moisture, razor shaved, and cleaned with dishwashing detergent and 98.9% ethanol while avoiding the use of shaving creams and/or chemical depilatories where ring placement is anticipated. The use of unopened cyanoacrylate is encouraged with Permabond^® as the cyanoacrylate of choice.     

稳定型骨盆前环骨折移位伤残评定20例

目的探讨通过骨盆骨折移位距离来判定骨盆前环骨折畸形愈合。方法通过测量骨盆前环骨折伤者影像学资料的骨折移位最大距离;对20例被鉴定人进行回访,询问其遗留的症状。结果 20例中有14例(70%)骨盆前环骨折移位大于4mm;在16例接受回访的被鉴定人中,有12例(75%)长时间站立或行走后有盆部隐痛或明显疼痛症状。结论骨盆前环有两处或以上部位骨折且移位超过4mm,多数可考虑认定骨盆畸形愈合;骨盆前环单处骨折,移位超过6mm,可考虑认定骨盆畸形愈合。     

Classification of Pelvic Ring Fractures in Skeletonized Human Remains

Pelvic ring fractures are associated with high rates of mortality and thus can provide key information about circumstances surrounding death. These injuries can be particularly informative in skeletonized remains, yet difficult to diagnose and interpret. This study adapted a clinical system of classifying pelvic ring fractures according to their resultant degree of pelvic stability for application to gross human skeletal remains. The modified Tile criteria were applied to the skeletal remains of 22 individuals from the Cleveland Museum of Natural History and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México that displayed evidence of pelvic injury. Because these categories are tied directly to clinical assessments concerning the severity and treatment of injuries, this approach can aid in the identification of manner and cause of death, as well as interpretations of possible mechanisms of injury, such as those typical in car-to-pedestrian and motor vehicle accidents.     

样品成份对“咖啡环”法DNA检测的影响

目的调查样品中常见成份对"咖啡环"法DNA检测的影响。方法将含有不同浓度SDS、Na Cl等的DNA-EB滴加到载玻片上,室温自然蒸发,用凝胶成像系统观察荧光沉积形貌(Deposition Pattern,DP)、计算积分光密度(Integrated Optical Density,IOD),分析量效关系。结果低浓度非DNA成份存在时,DP仍以环状沉积为主,但有年轮环、放射纹等成份特异性细微差异。浓度高时,DP因成份而异,可为环+散在光点型(Na Cl)、中央光斑+弱小环型(SDS)、同心或年轮状多环型(Triton X-100)、环+斑点型(H^+)等。非DNA成份对DNA含量估计有不同程度影响,但估计值多数在0.5~2倍以内。结论样品成份对DNA的DP和IOD均有影响,但不影响DNA含量的粗略估计,且能提供样品纯度和残留物信息。     

论手机铃声的著作权保护

手机铃声日渐成为一种具有商品属性的特殊产品,手机铃声的使用、传播引起的纠纷时有发生,从著作权法的角度对手机铃声的性质加以分析,并试图以著作权法对其加以保护。     

“担保圈”危机的形成及其规范

由"啤酒花"事件引发的担保圈危机已严重影响我国资本证券市场的健康发展,担保链岌岌可危,蕴藏着巨大的财务风险.本文以新疆担保圈为例,分析了"担保圈"危机的形成,并提出相应的防范措施.     

基于统计分析的北京市二环路服务水平可靠度评价

交通流量的增加使二环路的运行状态变得极不稳定,服务水平可靠度作为一个概率性的测度参数能有效地评价其动态特性。首先对服务水平可靠度的概念进行了界定,提出了基于交通统计的服务水平可靠度的计算方法,利用北京市二环路的实测数据,对北京市二环路各路段的可靠度进行了计算。在此基础上,分析了二环路可靠度的影响因素。     

重新认识光的半波损失及牛顿环中心暗斑

通过对菲涅耳反射系数的讨论, 重新认识光的 “半波损失”,指出一些大学物理教科书中在光的“半波损失”认识上的误区,重新解释了牛顿环中心暗斑的“半波损失”现象。