自由意志与法律意志

针对沉默权立法论争中的“自由意志”问题,从实际出发来探讨自由意志与法律意志这对命题,有益于我国建设法治社会的立法实践。     

简评国际法中的"强行规范"

作为20世纪60年代以后出现的新概念,强行规范具有优先于其他一切国际法规范的效力,其目的在于整合国际法的规范体系,限制国家意志。然而,由于其自身的先天缺陷,且缺乏实践的支持与充实,强行规范与传统的国际法理论产生了广泛的矛盾与冲突。步履维艰的强行规范只有在国际法的发展中才能得以升华并发挥其预期作用。     

区分《公司法》中强制性规范与任意性规范之路径

强制性规范与任意性规范的界限并不是一成不变,而是会随着自治与强制之间平衡的发展而变化。这种动态表明,任何试图事先精确区分二者而一劳永逸的做法注定徒劳无功。但通过类型化确定一个大致的区分标准与判断取向,再通过法官的判决使大致、模糊的区分在个案中得以明确化是一个值得尝试的思路。     

无因回避制度及其对我国司法实践的借鉴意义

无因回避制度是为了实现审判的公正和效率,维护控辩双方的合法权利而设置的一项适用于陪审员的制度。我国在刑事司法改革进程中,有必要借鉴国外的无因回避制度,规定该制度同时适用于法官和陪审员,并对无因回避的申请主体、申请时间及其限制进行明确规定,以起到提高该制度的利用率、保障诉讼程序的安定性以及维护司法权威的作用。     

Race-Based Judgments, Race-Neutral Justifications: Experimental Examination of Peremptory Use and the Batson Challenge Procedure

Practically speaking, the peremptory challenge remained an inviolate jury selection tool in the United States until the Supreme Court's decision in Batson v. Kentucky. 476 U.S. 79 (1986). Batson's prohibition against race-based peremptories was based on two assumptions: (1) a prospective juror's race can bias jury selection judgments; (2) requiring attorneys to justify suspicious peremptories enables judges to determine whether a challenge is, indeed, race-neutral. The present investigation examines these assumptions through an experimental design using three participant populations: college students, advanced law students, and practicing attorneys. Results demonstrate that race does influence peremptory use, but these judgments are typically justified in race-neutral terms that effectively mask the biasing effects of race. The psychological processes underlying these tendencies are discussed, as are practical implications for the legal system.     

论公司法中的强制性规范

从公司规范的效力价值的视角对强制性规范的划分提出了建议:在外以是否涉及社会与第三人利益为准,在内以保护公司内部中小股东利益为标准来划定公司法中的强制性规范。