论刑事侦查的偶然性、必然性与或然性

偶然性、必然性与或然性是基本哲学范畴,反映事物因果关系特性,应为侦查工作所重视。在刑事侦查工作中强调必然性的积极作用是:有助于侦查人员在观念上树立侦查破案的必胜信心;为侦查人员提供对案件情况的认识依据。但是,过于强调破获案件的必然性容易导致违背客观规律、不切实际;或者导致认识僵化,难以突破思维定势。偶然性在刑事侦查工作中的积极作用是:重视侦查人员主观能动性的发挥;但是,过于强调刑事侦查工作中的偶然性将使侦查人员丧失工作及积极和主动性,陷入神秘主义。侦查认识的核心思维方式是或然性思维方式。它有助于侦查人员处理好经验定势与突破惯性的关系、主要侦查途径和次要侦查途径的关系,以及理想追求与现实状态的关系。     

中国叙事学事体流变论

叙事学有两个层面,一是叙的层面,一是事的层面。叙事学的研究必须从这两个层面分别进行。对中国叙事学事体进行考察,可以发现经过了实有之事、或有之事、虚构之事与文生之事四个发展阶段。这不仅是对事体的重大揭示,对于“叙”体的认识也有重要意义。     

The use of chromosomes in paternity actions

The authors performed paternity investigations for many years by the order of the court and on this basis they give expert opinion in discussed paternity cases. In recent years opinion was given with the help of chromosome studies in cases where neither blood group nor anthropology investigations were decisive. From a couple of hundred persons the thickening of the heterochromatic part of the chromosomes studied by C-band methods is evaluated (1, 9, 16, Y) and (within this) the occurrence of total or partial inversion is observed. The frequency of polymorphism was studied among the chromosomes investigated by the C-band technique. From these data the authors aimed at deducing exact relationship: and forming the most exact possible expert's opinion in this problem which is of social significance as well.