大鼠视神经夹伤后视网膜病变及其F-VEP检测

目的观测大鼠视神经夹伤后视网膜病变及其对视功能时序性变化的影响。方法建立大鼠视神经夹伤模型,分别于伤后1、3、5、7、9、14、28、56、84d光镜观察视网膜病变,闪光视觉诱发电位(F-VEP)检测视功能状况。结果大鼠视神经损伤诱导视网膜神经节细胞(RGCs)较正常眼明显减少。损伤后3～7d RGCs减少率快速上升,14d 后缓慢下降,28d后几乎无明显变化。视神经损伤1d F-VEP波形变得低而宽;1-14d峰潜时和波幅呈进行性下降, 28d后变化平稳,并显示恢复迹象。结论神经损伤后节细胞继发性病变是视功能进行性下降的重要基础;并与视功能的时间规律变化具有相关性。     

视网膜挫伤后应用ERG客观评定视力的探讨

本文对６０例（６０眼）视网膜挫伤患者进行了ＥＲＧ检查，以其自身健眼为对照，利用双眼对数视力的视力差与双眼ＥＲＧ振幅差、振幅比、矫正振幅差、矫正振幅比作了相关及回归分析，其ｒ值分别为０．８８，０．７６，０．７４，－０．８２，－０．８１，－０．７７，０．８９，－０．９０（Ｐ＜０．０１）。均为统计学高度相关，说明ＥＲＧ可用于视网膜挫伤后的客观视力评定，具有医学及法医学应用价值。     

从规范执法到诉讼证据——以检察机关侦查讯问全程同步录音录像为视角

检察机关讯问犯罪嫌疑人全程同步录音录像在刑事诉讼中具有证据的属性,而且,不会突破现行法定证据种类。赋予全程同步录音录像证据效力,对检察机关既是机遇,也有挑战。赋予全程同步录音录像证据资格,必须规范全程同步录音录像的制作过程,确立统一的技术规范、确定事前告知义务、完善始后全程和档案保存制度等。全程同步录音录像作为证据,基于其特殊性,应该在示证提起权、举示决定权、示证过程等方面作特别规定。     

Feminist utopias and questions of liberty: Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale as critique of second wave feminism

Taking her cue from the recent Cindy Sherman exhibition at Metro Pictures, New York, 'New Photographic Work 2000', Meagher considers the ways in which feminist art critics have analysed Sherman's work since it was first 'discovered' by Douglas Crimp in 1979. Her claim is that analyses of Sherman's work are involved in a debate about whether the images are useful or destructive to feminist politics. More importantly, what has come to be known as Sherman Studies places an emphasis not upon Sherman's art, but rather upon the identify of the artist. Instead of enquiring into the political status of the art works (are they feminist?), critics often end up asking after the political status of the artist herself (is she feminist?). Meagher's essay is in four sections: 'Encounters' traces the critical reaction to Sherman's work; 'In or Out of the Picture' considers the critical tendency to impose a narrative upon the work and the simultaneous insistence that this narrative is informed by the artist's feminist intent; 'New Photographic Work 2000' looks at the most recent reactions to Sherman'swork and prepares for the final section, 'Feminist Occasions', in which Meagher draws upon Nancy Miller and considers the relationship between feminist critics and their resistant celebrity.     

反侦查行为导论

我国传统的侦查学和侦查实践对反侦查行为没有给予应有的重视。目前侦查学界对此有所反思和矫正,涌现了侦查新视角的思潮。该视角直接指向反侦查行为,并在此基础上,深入研究侦查实践中的有效防范、识别与利用。     

关于注意研究的综述

注意是心理活动或意识对一定对象的指向与集中,对信息具有选择功能,与人类的行为活动有着密切的关系。从当前关于注意研究的一些理论和观点出发加以论述,可为今后的有关研究提供可能的参考。     

Identifying deviant sexual interest in a sex offender sample using dual-target rapid serial visual presentation task

To investigate the dual-target rapid serial visual presentation (dtRSVP) task as a measure of deviant sexual interest (i.e. a sexual interest in children), we administered a dtRSVP with gender- and age-specific pictorial stimuli to child sex offenders (n = 69), other sex offenders (n = 43), non-sex offenders (n = 14), and community controls (n = 88). We hypothesized that (1) stimuli belonging to the preferred gender and age group presented as targets (both T1 and the subsequent T2) in the serial sequence would be more accurately detected than non-preferred stimuli and that (2) this increased detection would reduce the detection of targets later in the serial sequence (T2) due to an attentional blink. Our findings supported hypothesis 1 and partly supported hypothesis 2. Although we found group differences, individual indices based on detection rates did not allow for individual-level diagnostic categorization of participants.     

The suitability of visual taphonomic methods for digital photographs: An experimental approach with pig carcasses in a tropical climate

In the context of increased scrutiny of the methods in forensic sciences, it is essential to ensure that the approaches used in forensic taphonomy to measure decomposition and estimate the postmortem interval are underpinned by robust evidence-based data. Digital photographs are an important source of documentation in forensic taphonomic investigations but the suitability of the current approaches for photographs, rather than real-time remains, is poorly studied which can undermine accurate forensic conclusions. The present study aimed to investigate the suitability of 2D colour digital photographs for evaluating decomposition of exposed human analogues (Sus scrofa domesticus) in a tropical savanna environment (Hawaii), using two published scoring methods; Megyesi et al., 2005 and Keough et al., 2017. It was found that there were significant differences between the real-time and photograph decomposition scores when the Megyesi et al. method was used. However, the Keough et al. method applied to photographs reflected real-time decomposition more closely and thus appears more suitable to evaluate pig decomposition from 2D photographs. The findings indicate that the type of scoring method used has a significant impact on the ability to accurately evaluate the decomposition of exposed pig carcasses from photographs. It was further identified that photographic taphonomic analysis can reach high inter-observer reproducibility. These novel findings are of significant importance for the forensic sciences as they highlight the potential for high quality photograph coverage to provide useful complementary information for the forensic taphonomic investigation. New recommendations to develop robust transparent approaches adapted to photographs in forensic taphonomy are suggested based on these findings.     

高位视路损伤与管内段间接视神经损伤的比较

目的 探讨高位视路损伤的法医学鉴定问题。方法 搜集11例头部外伤致高位视路损伤的案例资料,与随机选取的20例管内段间接视神经损伤的案例资料进行比较,并就相关临床检查所见、电视野及闪光VEP特征进行分析。结果 与视神经损伤相比,高位视路损伤的临床常规检查,除视功能障碍的主诉外瞳孔对光反射及眼底均无阳性所见;电视野检查表现为双眼同向性偏盲,管内段视神经损伤表现为单眼视野缺损。在11例高位视路损伤者中,8例为枕叶皮层损伤,闪光VEP表现为双眼P1波潜伏期轻度延长,波幅基本正常;3例为皮层下损伤,表现为P1波潜伏期明显延长,波幅明显降低。视神经损伤闪光VEP表现为伤眼PI波潜伏期明显延长,波幅明显降低,甚至无波诱出。结论双眼视野同向性偏盲是高位视路损伤的特征性改变,高位视路损伤闪光VEP的异常率较低,但一旦双眼闪光VEP异常可以支持高位视路损伤的诊断,鉴定时应同时结合头颅CT及脑电图结果综合分析,加以确认高位视路损伤的存在。     

轻型颅脑损伤电生理研究及其在临床法医学上的应用

本文对60例轻型颅脑损伤（MHI）患者的ABR、LEDVEP及其中40例BEAM的变化进行了研究。结果表明：ABR异常主要表现为Ⅰ－Ⅲ峰间潜伏期的延长；LEDVEP异常表现为N70潜伏期的延长，并可伴有N70－P100波幅的降低；BEAM异常以α1频带的平均功率增高为特征，且θ／α2功率比的增高可提示幕上损伤的存在。同时，根据电生理追踪检测的结果，首次提出了轻型颅脑损伤脑功能损害程度分级的标准，为此类损伤伤害程度的法医学鉴定提供了客观依据。