中国青年志愿服务的支持体系分析

志愿服务的支持体系由支持和保障志愿行动发展的政策、智力、资金、资源等组成,包括社会环境因素和组织内部因素。中国青年志愿服务经历了单一支持体系向拓展支持体系、多元支持体系、综合支持体系变化的过程;支持体系的结构包括党政支持体系、群团支持体系、社团支持体系、公众支持体系、专业支持体系和传播支持体系等;支持体系的要素包括政策、资金、人力、品牌等。在加快社会建设、创新社会治理的背景下,青年志愿服务支持体系建设要注重统筹协调、联盟合作、专业提升和国际发展。     

Signaling virtue: voluntary accountability programs among nonprofit organizations

This article examines the structure of nonprofit voluntary accountability and standard-setting programs, arguing that these programs can be understood as collective action institutions designed to address information asymmetries between nonprofits and their stakeholders. Club theory and the economics of certification suggest that such programs have the potential to provide a signal of quality by setting high standards and fees and rigorously verifying compliance. Such mechanisms can signal quality because higher participation costs may allow only high-quality organizations to join. The article examines the implications of signaling theory using an original dataset on the structure of 32 nonprofit accountability programs across the globe. While many programs set high standards for compliance, the key distinction between strong and weak programs is the use of disclosure or verification mechanisms to enforce compliance. Contrary to theoretical expectations, compliance standards and verification do not appear to be substitutes in creating stronger voluntary programs.

Land reforms and voluntary resettlement: household participation and attrition rates in Malawi

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the factors influencing household participation in and withdrawal from a World Bank-funded voluntary resettlement scheme moving 15,000 low-income farming households within and across rural districts in Malawi. Using a survey of 203 beneficiary households, focus groups and in-depth interviews, we identify a lack of access to land and conflict over land in the area of origin as salient participation factors in resettlement, while withdrawal factors include lower access to infrastructure and poor soil quality in resettlement areas. We also highlight limited prior awareness of actual conditions in resettlement areas, low and biased participation in the decision to move, a greater desire for formal land titles due to loss of customary entitlement as a result of resettlement, and widespread ambiguity and confusion over titles for resettled plots. In this context, we point to a pattern of ‘negative resettlement’, in which households remain resettled despite major grievances, for lack of an alternative option, contrasting with ‘positive resettlement’, where households remain by choice. We suggest that intra-district resettlement is more likely to be successful than inter-district resettlement when there is a risk of informed consent deficiency. These findings point to the relative failures of this particular resettlement scheme, and suggest possible improvements for land redistribution schemes from agro-industrial projects to poor households.     

“社会失灵”与和谐社会构成要素之探讨

构建社会主义和谐社会是在借鉴、继承和发展前人和谐社会思想基础上进行的,我们越是客观、全面、科学地掌握前人的思想成果,就越是可能在构建和谐社会方面取得成功,越是能够全面、稳固而可靠地构建社会主义和谐社会,以“社会失灵”作为考查“社会和谐”的比照对象,不仅可以考查中外思想家对“和谐”与“和谐社会”的论述,总结前人对和谐社会构成要素的探索,而且还能评估历史上的和谐思想资源对构建社会主义和谐社会的重要性。     

四川灾后重建社区志愿服务法治化的比较研究

四川灾后重建是个复杂的系统工程，单纯依靠政府组织灾后重建不是明智之举，采取政府主导公众参与的模式是现实的必然。吸收志愿者参与社区重建提供专业性的志愿服务为灾后社区重建发挥了重要作用，但现实中灾区各社区已安排的志愿服务在招募、管理、资助、考评、追责等方面存有一些问题。通过借鉴其他灾害多发国家和地区的灾后社区志愿服务经验，结合灾区社区志愿服务已存在的主要问题、灾区志愿服务法律现实及我国推进服务型法治政府建设的政治语境，本文提出了一些促进灾后社区志愿服务走向法治化的具体举措，以期实现灾后社区志愿服务法治化与灾区服务型法治政府建设的双向互补。     

我国农村社会养老保险中政府财政责任探讨

政府是社会保障中重要的主体,在大部分国家政府承担着社会保障的主要责任.本文在对政府社会保障责任来源进行理论阐述后,以我国政府的财政责任为研究对象,通过对目前我国农村社会养老保险的现状以及我国农村面临的特殊环境进行分析后,明确我国政府必须在农村社会养老保险中承担适度的财政责任.     

Paradigm Muddle or Paradigm Paralysis? The Wide and Narrow Roads to Restorative Justice Reform (or,a Little Confusion May Be a Good Thing)

McCold (2004 McCold, P. (2004). Paradigm muddle: The threat to restorative justice posed by the merger with community justice. Contemporary Justice Review, 7: 13–35. [Taylor &; Francis Online] , [Google Scholar], this issue) argues that community justice and balanced and restorative justice (BARJ) models confuse people and distort the restorative justice movement. We argue that there are many sources of confusion and explain the differences between these approaches. Neither model poses any threat to restorative justice, and both community justice and BARJ can garner new support for restorative justice. We respond to misleading portrayals in McCold’s account of these movements (and of our writings about them) and suggest that more time should be spent on truly critical debates within the restorative justice movement, and in confronting real barriers to restorative justice reforms.     

高校大学生志愿服务体系存在的问题及其优化

高校大学生是我国青年志愿服务组织中的一支重要力量,其志愿者主体身份、志愿服务组织运行和项目建设等体现出一定的特殊性,从而使得高校大学生志愿服务体系组织者、运行机制、项目建设等方面存在相应的问题,并造成服务体系的内部要素冲突。优化大学生志愿服务体系,需要有针对性地解决这些问题。     

志愿服务的内涵、功能及模式简评

志愿服务是指不以营利为目的,经志愿服务组织安排,由志愿者实施的自愿帮助他人和服务社会的公益行为。志愿者行动是社会保障体系的重要组成部分,志愿精神是和谐社会核心价值观的集中体现,志愿服务是参与者实现自我教育和人格完善的载体。志愿者行动是外在激励与自我激励的共生与统一,正逐步呈现参与主体多元化、服务水准专业化、关注对象民生化趋势。