破产重整制度中各方主体的角色定位

新《破产法》(草案)①引入了破产重整制度,并对其专设一章,可见重整制度之重要。破产重整的立法精神是再建主义精神。笔者认为,要想使破产重整制度发挥其最大功效,实现立法者拯救企业的立法本意,最关键的是在利益制衡原则的基础上,对破产重整制度各方主体的角色进行科学合理的定位,在此基础上,对破产重整制度中各主体的权限与职责做明确科学的规定,这样才能最大限度的发挥破产重整制度的作用。本文基于破产重整的制衡原则,对破产重整中各方主体进行了角色定位,希望能构建起破产重整制度中各方主体间完善科学的关系,从而加深对破产重整制度的理解,促进破产重整制在我国度发挥其最佳效果。     

浅析破产清算中担保的处理

破产程序是一种相当复杂的法律程序,若与担保问题交织在一起,在适用法律时会更加复杂。由于破产程序有其特殊性,破产程序中的担保若只依据《担保法》规定,可能会阻碍破产程序的进行,或者可能损害当事人的合法利益。因此,《破产法》应对破产程序中的担保作出特别规定。我国现行《破产法》及其相关司法解释在这方面还有待完善。     

地方政府债务风险的宪法学释析

地方政府债务风险的处理应当遵循宪法逻辑,即政府与公民是一种信托关系,只要公民权利的需求仍在,政府就没有破产的理由。因此,地方政府破产只是财政破产但行政不破产。在地方政府破产重整程序中,地方政府提供的保障民生的基本公共服务优先于地方债的债权,因为前者保护的是大多数人的基本生存权。诉诸民主体制才能从源头上控制政府的发债权进...     

论破产程序对担保物权优先性的限制

担保物权的优先性在民法中不可质疑,但在破产程序中,尤其在破产重整程序中则受到诸多限制.这种限制系破产程序本身的特点所决定,同时也是破产法立法价值嬗变的结果.基于利益衡平原则,对担保物权优先性的限制必须合理,我国这方面的立法尚存在诸多缺陷,有待进一步完善.     

Combined Collection and Analysis of Inorganic and Organic Gunshot Residues

Gunshot residue (GSR) analysis and their interpretation provide crucial information on a criminal investigation involving the use of firearms. To date, several approaches have been proposed for the implementation of a combined sampling and analysis of inorganic (IGSR) and organic GSR (OGSR). However, it is not clear at this stage if concurrent analyses of both types of residue might be detrimental to the analysis of IGSR currently applied in forensic laboratories. Thus, this work aims to compare and evaluate three different protocols for the combined collection and analysis of IGSR and OGSR. These methods, respectively, involve the use of a modified stub (with two halves, one for the detection of IGSR and the other for the analysis of OGSR); the sequential recovery of GSR with two stubs mounted with different adhesives (double-sided carbon tape and Tesa® TACK) and the sequential analysis of IGSR and OGSR from a single carbon stub following carbon deposition. The detection of IGSR was carried out using SEM-EDX, while OGSR analysis was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Obtained results for experiments performed using Geco Sinoxid^® ammunition indicated that sequential analysis was the most suitable protocol for the combined collection and analysis of both IGSR and OGSR. A higher number of inorganic (characteristic and consistent) particles and higher concentrations of ethylcentralite, N-nitrosodiphenylamine, diphenylamine, and nitroglycerin were recovered with this method.     

Prevalence of organic gunshot residues in police vehicles

The present study investigated the organic gunshot residue (OGSR) background level of police vehicles in Switzerland. Specimens from 64 vehicles belonging to two regional police services were collected and analysed by LC-MS in positive mode. The driver’s and back seats were sampled separately to monitor potential differences between locations and to assess the risks of a suspect being contaminated by OGSR during transportation to a police station.The results showed that most of the 64 vehicles were uncontaminated (44 driver’s seats and 38 back seats respectively). Up to six of the seven targeted compounds were detected in a single sample, once on a driver’s seat and twice on back seats. The contamination frequency generally decreased as the number of compounds detected together increased. The amounts detected were in the low ng range and less than amounts generally detected just after discharge on a shooter. Our data indicated that detecting a combination of four or more compounds on a police vehicle seat appears to be a relatively rare occurrence. The background contamination observed was most probably due to secondary transfer from police officers (e.g. through recent participation in a shooting session or firearm manipulation) or from firearms stored in the vehicles. The present results might be used as a recommendation to minimize contact of a suspect with contaminated surfaces if OGSR is implemented in routine work in parallel to IGSR analysis.     

Development of a Novel Finger-Trigger Interface for Trigger Pull Measurement

Trigger pull is the force that needs to be exerted on the trigger to discharge a firearm. The measurement of trigger pull can assist in the evaluation of the safety, function, and manufacturing characteristics associated with a firearm during the forensic firearm examination process. Nonetheless, the accuracy and uncertainty of trigger pull measurements may be affected by the measuring device, test procedure, and environmental conditions. In this work, an innovative finger-trigger interface device was developed to facilitate accurate trigger pull measurements. The idea was to reduce the variation related to the position of the measurement device on the trigger in existing measuring methods and devices. Three force sensors based on different technologies were initially evaluated. While two of the three sensors failed to produce data, the miniature capacitive plate sensor exhibited high precision and a linear response over the range of typical trigger pulls. To examine the effects of the finger-trigger interface on trigger pull measurement, different sensor housing prototypes were designed in silico and 3D printed for the construction of three finger-trigger interface devices. The performance of each finger-trigger interface device was evaluated by measuring the trigger pulls of several selected firearms and comparing the data to a previously published study. Our preliminary results demonstrated the novel finger-trigger interface device offered a new way to measure trigger pull in situ with acceptable accuracy and precision.     

猴王破产案的诉讼法思考

猴王集团破产案是一个因母公司破产而导致子公司面临破产的连环案件 ,其暴露出许多有违我国《企业破产法 (试行 )》等不规范的破产行为。鉴于我国当前的破产法是在计划经济时代制定的 ,有许多滞后或空白的地方 ,已不适应当今纷繁复杂的新情况 ,因此很有必要对其加以修改和完善。目前我国市场经济建设已经初具规模 ,社会各项配套措施也正在逐步建立 ,我们应当尽早出台破产法 ,充分发挥法律应有的促进作用。     

公司清算人制度理论与实务研究

清算人是以执行清算事务为目的依法选任的个人或组织，是清算中公司行为能力的实施机构，其地位相当于公司解散前的董事会。其在公司解散后负责进行公司债权债务的清算，这对保护公司债权人及公司股东的利益具有重要作用。然而我国现行《公司法》在清算人的选任等方面的规定仍存在不足，应完善我国清算人制度。     

浅议企业破产程序的检察监督

破产制度是调整市场经济发展的重要法律制度，我国现行的企业破产程序主要由法院和破产管理人主导推进，而企业破产涉及到债权人、公司股东、职工以及国家行政管理行为等各方面的利益，故本文认为需要在企业破产程序中引进检察监督，通过分析检察机关对破产程序监督的内容以及方式，促进破产财产得到公正高效的处理以及破产程序的顺利进行。