地方创新性立法的限度及其规范化

地方创新性立法是推进地方治理法治化的重要手段,鼓励地方立法创新是完善我国立法体制的应有之义。为实现地方创新性立法的规范化,应明确地方性事务的判断标准,引入重大事项请示报告制度,加强立法决策量化论证。     

Metric forensic anthropology decisions: Reliability and biasability of sectioning-point-based sex estimates

Subjective decisions make human cognitive processes more susceptible to bias and error. Specifically, research indicates that additional context biases forensic anthropologists’ morphological analyses. To address whether metric analyses are also subject to bias, we conducted a pilot study in which 52 experienced osteologists measured a difficult-to-classify human femur, with or without additional contextual information. Using a metric sectioning-point sex-estimation method, participants provided a sex estimate for individual skeletal element(s) and, when given multiple elements, the combined skeletal assemblage. Control group participants (n = 24) measured only the femur. In addition to the femur, bias group participants (n = 28) either measured a female humerus and viewed a female-biasing photograph (n = 14) or measured a male humerus and viewed a male-biasing photograph (n = 14). We explored whether the experts in the different groups would differ in: (1) femoral measurements; (2) femoral sex-estimation conclusions; and (3) final sex-estimation conclusions for the skeletal assemblage. Although the femoral measurements and femoral sex estimates were comparable across groups, the overall sex estimates in the female-biased group were impacted by contextual information—differing from both the control and male-biased groups (p < 0.001). Our results demonstrate that cognitive bias can occur even in metric sex-estimation conclusions. Specifically, this occurred when the metric data and single-element sex estimates were synthesized into an overall estimate. Thus, our results suggest that metric methods are most vulnerable to bias when data are synthesized into an overall conclusion, highlighting the need for bias countermeasures and comprehensive statistical frameworks for synthesizing metric data to mitigate the effects of cognitive bias.     

廉政文化和先进家庭文化契合的长效机制探讨

反腐倡廉,理论指导和观念创新先行。追求廉政文化与先进家庭文化的契合,必须创新载体,采用多种途径;同时移植、借鉴国外在反腐败方面的有益经验,多元联动、综合整治,系统推进,建立长效机制,为构建和谐社会提供良好的政务、法制、体制环境与保障。     

高校被诉引起的法律思考

1999年发生了两起有重大影响的高校学生诉学校拒发毕业证、学位证行政诉讼案。高校之所以能成为行政诉讼的被告,是由高校行使自主权时的法律地位和自主权的法律性质所决定。基于现代行政法理论,高校在基于法律法规的授权对学生行使诸如颁发毕业证、进行处分等教育管理权时,是作为法律法规授权的组织而具有行政主体的资格。应从树立依法治校的法治理念、加强和完善高等教育法制以及建立一套健全的教育行政与司法救济制度三个方面促进高校依法行使自主权。     

Parent-adolescent congruence on decision-making and its relation to adolescent adjustment

Much attention has been paid to the nature of parent-adolescent relationships, with a frequent conclusion being that it is a time of marked disagreement between parents and their adolescents. However, other literature suggests that this time is not inherently conflictual. The purpose of this study was to examine agreement and disagreement between mothers, fathers, and adolescents on specific issues. Then, adolescent adjustment was assessed, and the degree to which it was a function of congruence with parents was examined. A modified version of the Issues Checklist was used to measure intrafamily agreement; the Revised Behavior Problem Checklist and the Harter Scale of Child's Actual Competence were completed by adolescents' social studies teachers to assess adolescent functioning. Relative to their parents, adolescents reported that they should make more decisions alone, while both mothers and fathers reported that decisions should be made jointly among all family members. Only father-adolescent congruence was found consistently to be related to adolescent functioning. Possible explanations for the present results and relevant issues pertaining to family agreement are discussed.     

公共决策中的理性:价值问题研究

本文尝试对公共决策过程中的理性,尤其是工具理性的含义、内容及其与价值的关系进行探讨,并提出理性面对不同层面的价值时有不同的反应、诉求和精神体现。工具理性在对待价值问题时所暴露出来的局限是其自身无法克服的,而且也给决策实践带来了诸多问题。     

论政府决策的责任追究

当前 ,政府决策尚未建立起有效的责任追究制。政府决策责任追究的前提是对责任的认定 ,责任认定的根本标准是政策决策是否损害了公民的合法权益 ,而责任追究的有效途径是将政府决策行为纳入行政复议、行政诉讼和司法监督制约范围之内。     

试论高校“两办”参谋助手作用

高校党委办公室和校长办公室是高校的综合办事机构,处在承上启下、联系左右、沟通内外的枢纽地位,是学校的信息中心和参谋总部.只有牢固树立参与意识和恰当的角色意识,及时准确掌握和提供信息,加强调查研究,做好协调和督查工作,"两办"才能真正当好领导的参谋助手,在领导决策中发挥应有的作用.     

论“本质错误”——以罗马法为中心

在罗马法中,本质错误与身份错误、行为性质的错误、标的物错误并称为使行为无效的四种实质性错误。本质错误与材料错误相关又不等同于材料错误。本质错误的内涵见于D.18,1,9,2中的"醋为酒卖"案,是在社会经济功能影响下的标的物之内在特性发生错误。本质错误的外延见于"古杯"案及D.18,1,11、D.18,1,14等文本,涵涉了大部分的材料错误和性别错误,并可以作为一种兜底条款适用于那些对诸如艺术品价值、作者发生错误的情形。本质错误在近代演化为法国法的"实质错误"、意大利法的"本质上的错误"、瑞士法的"重大错误"、德国法和我国台湾地区法的"性质错误",在赋予法官自由裁量权的功能上,它们和中国大陆民法的错误制度殊途同归。