滋膵益肾方治疗肾虚络瘀型糖尿病肾病Ⅳ期临床研究

目的观察滋膵益肾方治疗肾虚络瘀型糖尿病肾病的临床疗效。方法将120例肾虚络瘀型糖尿病肾病(Ⅳ期)患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组各60例(对照组和治疗组分别脱落3例和1例),两组患者均接受西医基础治疗,对照组患者加服胰激肽原酶肠溶片,治疗组患者加服滋膵益肾方。治疗4周后,比较两组中医证候疗效,观察两组肾功能、24h尿蛋白、血液流变学指标变化情况。结果治疗组中医证候疗效明显优于对照组(P0.05);在降低血清肌酐、尿素氮、餐后2h血糖、24h尿蛋白、全血黏度和血浆黏度方面,治疗组明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论滋膵益肾方能够改善糖尿病肾病Ⅳ期临床症状,改善肾功能,其作用机制可能与改善肾脏微循环,降低血黏度有关。     

Basal Vacuolization in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells at Autopsy and Their Relation to Ketoacidosis

Basal vacuolization of renal tubular epithelial cells is a useful postmortem marker for ketoacidosis. To investigate its incidence and relationship to the severity of ketoacidosis, 158 autopsy cases with elevated β‐hydroxybutyrate (>1 mmol/L) over a 7‐year‐period were retrospectively reviewed. Sixty‐eight cases (43%) exhibited basal vacuolizations (vitreous β‐hydroxybutyrate: 1.16–29.35 mmol/L, mean 10.28 mmol/L), and 90 cases (57%) did not (vitreous β‐hydroxybutyrate: 1.03–13.7 mmol/L, mean 2.84 mmol/L). Quantitative analysis revealed on average a fourfold elevation in β‐hydroxybutyrate in cases with basal vacuolizations compared to those without; 10.3% of cases with β‐hydroxybutyrate concentrations between 1.01 and 2.00 mmol/L had basal vacuolizations, and this incidence increased to 33.3% with concentrations between 4.01 and 6.00 mmol/L. A marked increase in incidence to >70% was observed with concentrations >6.00 mmol/L, and basal vacuoles were invariably present (100%) with concentrations >14.01 mmol/L. This study demonstrates that basal vacuolizations are a sensitive marker for significant ketoacidosis and reaffirms its use as an indicator for likely cases of fatal ketoacidosis at autopsy.     

芦黄参花胶囊联合福辛普利治疗糖尿病肾病60例

目的 观察中西医结合疗法治疗糖尿病肾病（diabetic nephropathy,DN)的疗效及建立其综合疗效评价体系。方法 纳入Mogensen Ⅲ、Ⅳ期DN患者120例,将其随机分为治疗组（芦黄参花胶囊和福辛普利联合治疗）和对照组（单用福辛普利治疗）,疗程为3个月。比较两组的临床疗效及中医证候疗效,观察治疗前后DN患者尿白蛋白排泄率（urinary albumin excretion rate,UAER）、肾功能、血压、血糖、血脂水平,采用世界卫生组织生存质量量表简表评价患者治疗前后的生存质量。结果 对于Mogensen Ⅲ、Ⅳ期DN患者,治疗组临床疗效及中医证候疗效均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗组在降低Mogensen Ⅲ期DN患者UAER及血清肌酐、尿素氮水平,提高Mogensen Ⅲ、Ⅳ期DN患者生理健康、心理健康、总的生存质量和满意度评分方面显著优于对照组（P<0.05,或P<0.01）。两组均未见明显不良反应。结论 芦黄参花胶囊和福辛普利联合治疗可有效降低早期DN患者尿蛋白,改善肾功能,提高患者的生存质量,本研究可为DN的防治提供新的疗效评价体系。     

八味芪丹胶囊联合依帕司他治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变临床观察

目的 观察八味芪丹胶囊联合依帕司他治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变的临床疗效及对患者血清铁蛋白及氧化应激指标的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制.方法 将62例糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripher-al neuropathy,DPN)患者随机分成观察组和对照组,每组31例.两组均以个体化降糖为基础治疗,对照组另口服依帕司他,观察组在对照组疗法的基础上加用八味芪丹胶囊,疗程均为4周.分别采用中医证候评分、多伦多临床评分系统(Toronto clinical scoring system,TCSS)评定临床疗效,采用神经电检诊仪检测神经传导速度,采用化学比色法检测血清铁蛋白(serum ferritsn,SF),硫代巴比妥酸法检测丙二醛(malondial-dehyde,MDA)水平,化学发光法检测超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)水平.结果 治疗后两组患者中医证候评分、TCSS评分均较治疗前明显减少(P<0.05),且观察组减少程度大于对照组(P<0.05).治疗后两组患者神经传导速度均较治疗前明显提高(P<0.05),且观察组较对照组提高更为明显(P<0.05).治疗后两组患者血清SF、MDA水平均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),SOD水平明显升高(P<0.05);且观察组SF、MDA水平的降低程度以及SOD水平的升高程度均大于对照组(P<0.05).结论 八味芪丹胶囊联合依帕司他治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效优于单用依帕司他,且能有效提高神经传导速度,其机制可能与调节铁代谢途径、改善氧化应激反应有关.     

益气养阴活血通腑法为主治疗老年早期糖尿病肾病31例

目的 :观察益气养阴活血通腑法为主对老年早期糖尿病肾病 (DN)的临床疗效。方法 :随机将 50例老年早期DN患者分为西药对照组 (简称对照组 ) 19例和中西药并用治疗组 (简称治疗组 ) 31例。对照组予常规降血糖、糖尿病教育及对症处理 ,治疗组加用以益气养阴活血通腑为主的中药治疗。结果 :在治疗 8周后 ,治疗组 2 4h尿清蛋白排泄量 (UAE)显著减少 (P <0 .0 1) ,与对照组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :益气养阴活血通腑法为主对老年早期DN具有较好的肾脏保护作用。     

The Interplay Between Diabetes and Pancreatitis: Two Case Reports of Sudden,Natural Deaths and a Review of the Literature

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease involving insulin resistance or deficit that, when left unchecked, may cause severe hyperglycemia and subsequent end‐organ damage. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is inflammation of the pancreas that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. AP and DM both account for a significant amount of sudden deaths, and rarely both disease processes may be present in the same decedent, causing some difficulty in wording the cause of death statement. Although much research has been directed at studying the causes and risk factors for AP and DM, there is a complex interplay between these diseases that is not fully understood. This study presents two autopsy cases of sudden, natural deaths that illustrate this interplay, along with a review of the literature. An algorithm for differentiating AP and DM is then discussed in the context of the presented cases as a proposed aid for forensic pathologists in the certification of such deaths.     

化瘀明目合剂治疗非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的临床研究

目的 观察化瘀明目合剂对非增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, NPDR）的疗效。方法 将35例（68眼）NPDR患者随机分为2组,予对照组16例（32眼）口服羟苯磺酸钙胶囊（昊畅）,予治疗组19例（36眼）口服化瘀明目合剂。2组均治疗12周。治疗后比较两组中医证候、视力和眼底病变的疗效;治疗前后分别检测两组患者空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血脂水平。结果 在改善NPDR患者的临床症状、眼底病变和提高视力方面,治疗组显著优于对照组（P<0.05）;治疗组患者治疗后血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油水平均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）,高密度脂蛋白水平较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）。两组治疗前后空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白A1c和低密度脂蛋白水平均无显著变化。结论 化瘀明目合剂对NPDR有明显疗效。     

中药穴位注射治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变临床观察

目的 观察中药穴位注射治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变的临床疗效。方法 将70例2型糖尿病周围神经病变（diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN）患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组35例。在糖尿病常规治疗基础上,对照组加用弥可保治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用红花注射液穴位注射。治疗前、治疗4周后分别进行密西根州糖尿病周围神经病评分（Michigan diabetic neuropathy score,MDNS）。结果 治疗4周后,治疗组临床疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者治疗后MDNS评分和症状、体征评分均较治疗前明显减少（P＜0.05）;两组MDNS评分和症状、体征评分差值比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 中药穴位注射可以显著减少DPN患者MDNS评分和症状、体征评分,提高生活质量。     

联用半夏泻心汤治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫的Meta分析

目的 系统评价半夏泻心汤联合西药、联合针灸和西药治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫的临床疗效。方法 集半夏泻心汤联合其他疗法治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫的随机对照试验,按照Cochrane协作网推荐的方法评估纳入研究的偏倚风险,提取相关数据,运用RevMan 5.3及Stata1 2.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入17篇随机对照试验研究文献,研究对象共1 521例。半夏泻心汤联合西药或联合针灸和西药治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫的总有效率明显高于单纯西药（半夏泻心汤联合西药对比单纯西药：RR=1.23,95% CI为1.15～1.31,P=0.000;半夏泻心汤联合针灸和西药对比单纯西药：RR=1.17,95% CI为1.10～1.25,P=0.000）;与单纯西药组比较,半夏泻心汤联合西药组糖尿病胃轻瘫患者血清生长抑素水平明显升高（MD=15.49 ng/L,95% CI为10.12～20.86,P=0.000）。结论 联用半夏泻心汤可提高糖尿病胃轻瘫的临床疗效,促进血清生长抑素分泌。