狗舌草提取物诱导淋巴细胞性白血病L1210细胞分化的研究

以单猪屎豆碱(MO)、槲皮素(QU)和环磷酰胺(CY)为参照,观察了狗舌草600 mL/L乙醇提取物(EX)对淋巴细胞性白血病L1210细胞体外试验的形态变化;利用流式细胞术,从DNA分子水平上检查了EX对L1210细胞各周期相的影响,探讨EX对L1210细胞的分化机理。结果发现,EX能够使L1210细胞向淋巴细胞方向发展;经EX作用24 h后,L1210细胞G0 G1期的百分比较对照组明显升高。提示EX对L1210细胞增殖的抑制作用可能是由于G1期的阻滞所致。     

氟对山羊成骨细胞增殖分化及钙化功能的调节

为探讨氟化物对反刍动物骨骼代谢的影响及对成骨细胞的作用机理,以初生山羊股骨骨膜为材料,采用半消化组织块培养法分离成骨细胞,进行传代培养,并通过形态观察、扫描电镜、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和矿化结节染色进行鉴定。通过噻唑蓝(MTT)染色、AKP活性测定和钙化结节计数,研究不同浓度的氟对山羊成骨细胞增殖、分化及钙化的影响。结果表明,加氟48 h和96 h后,1.0×10-7~1.0×10-5mol/L氟可促进成骨细胞增殖,其中1.0×10-7及1.0×10-6mol/L氟与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),高浓度氟(1.0×10-3mol/L)则抑制成骨细胞增殖(P<0.01);而1.0×10-4及5.0×10-4mol/L氟作用48 h对成骨细胞增殖无影响,作用96 h转而抑制成骨细胞增殖(P<0.01)。1.0×10-7~1.0×10-5mol/L氟能显著增强成骨细胞AKP活性及钙化能力(P<0.01),但氟浓度高于5.0×10-4mol/L时,AKP活性及钙化能力明显下降(P<0.01)。证实,低剂量氟能促进体外培养的山羊成骨细胞增殖分化及钙化,高剂量的氟则表现抑制作用。     

中西医结合治疗葡萄膜炎32例临床观察

目的:观察中西医结合疗法治疗葡萄膜炎的临床效果。方法:治疗组32例(38眼)分为肝经风热型、肝胆火炽型、风湿夹热型、阴虚火旺型[1],分别用新制柴连汤、龙胆泻肝汤、抑阳酒连散、知柏地黄汤加减同时配合西药治疗;对照组26例(34眼)单用西药治疗。结果:治疗组总有效率为92.1%,对照组为58.8%,两组的总有效率比较,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:中西医结合疗法治疗葡萄膜炎效果优于常规西药。     

马克思劳动关系理论与全球劳动关系的演变

马克思的劳动关系理论对于20世纪80年代以来全球劳动关系的演变过程具有很强的解释力,劳动关系内部权力结构及处理机制所发生的变化使劳动关系出现了极其严重的权力与利益分化,当代劳动关系的复杂性远远高于马克思所描述的19世纪的资本主义劳动关系。在马克思提出的劳动关系的理想模型中,不存在由劳权缺失所引发的矛盾、冲突与分化。在这种理想的劳动关系尚未实现的情况下,劳权保护机制是不能缺失的。在劳动关系内部,保护雇佣劳动者劳权的唯一途径依然是减弱资本优先权和管理优先权对劳动关系的过度控制。在劳动关系外部,完善的公共保障体系则能够同时保护雇佣劳动者和非雇佣劳动者的劳权。随着非雇佣劳动者数量的增长,劳权保护将对公共保障体系形成更多的依赖。     

A political ecology of socio-economic differentiation: debt,inputs and liberalization reforms in southwestern Burkina Faso

This paper builds on work from the agrarian change and political ecology literatures to analyze the process of agrarian change among smallholder cotton farmers in southwestern Burkina Faso. Specifically, we use a rural survey of 72 heads of household in three villages to examine whether and how (1) access to agricultural inputs, (2) debt and (3) liberalization reforms combine to produce rural socio-economic differentiation based on wealth. We find that wealthier farmers use more mineral fertilizer and manure inputs than their poorer counterparts. Wealthier farmers are also better able to remain debt-free as cotton prices drop and input prices rise. Moreover, they are able to take advantage of the neo-liberal restructuring of cotton cooperatives to change polices on debt repayment and input provisioning to their favor. This growing divide has large implications for rural food security, particularly as land becomes scarcer, fallows disappear and the need to intensify production grows. This research addresses two gaps in the agrarian change literature in relating how liberalization reforms and biophysical elements drive rural socio-economic differentiation. This work also shows that merging the concerns of political ecology with the agrarian change literature allows for a deeper examination of rural socio-economic differentiation.     

Grabbing back: essays against the global land grab

ABSTRACT

Extensive research, mainly undertaken by nutrition scientists and economists, indicates that the presence of a home garden is positively associated with improved household nutrition in rural households of the global South. However, this literature is relatively silent on the contexts that influence home garden uptake. This is problematic given rapidly changing social and economic landscapes, which reshape the place and scope for home gardens within households’ livelihood and food provisioning arrangements. Original research from Myanmar reported here reveals that emergent socio-economic contexts for rural households are posing heightened challenges for home gardens to contribute to food and nutrition security.     

Socio-economic differentiation and shea globalization in western Burkina Faso: integrating gender politics and agrarian change

In this paper, we examine the way a local manifestation of the globalization process, the boom in the shea trade in western Burkina Faso, has fueled socio-economic differentiation in shea activity as part of a wider differentiation process. We refer to the gender politics and agrarian change literatures to inform both within- and across-household mechanisms of differentiation. We analyze both the mechanisms of change and the resulting inequalities. Our results reveal the interplay between multiple drivers of change, and nuance the analysis of the winners and losers of globalization of shea activity.     

No hay ganancia en la milpa: the agrarian question,food sovereignty,and the on-farm conservation of agrobiodiversity in the Guatemalan highlands

Although they receive little recognition for their contribution, peasant farmers in the global South play a fundamental role in securing the long-term global food supply. Via their self-sufficient agricultural practices, they cultivate the crop genetic diversity that enables food crops to adapt to changing environmental conditions. In this paper I draw upon empirical data from the Guatemalan center of agricultural biodiversity to investigate the concern that market expansion will displace peasant agriculture and undermine a cornerstone of the global food supply. I find that even though peasants' livelihoods involve multiple forms of market provisioning, they also engage in a Polanyian ‘double movement’ to protect their subsistence-oriented agricultural practices from the potentially deleterious effects of markets. I also investigate the so-called ‘agrarian question’ about the effects of market expansion on the viability of peasant agriculture, finding that although new forms of market provisioning are likely exacerbating rural inequality, the income from market activities actually enables rural Guatemalans to reproduce the conditions for peasant agriculture. Ultimately, I observe that the conservation of agricultural biodiversity and, consequently, global food security are contingent upon the ‘food sovereignty’ of peasant farmers.     

构建和谐社会必须借以制度来防范利益分化

利益分化、社会利益的多元化以及多元利益表达的需求与利益表达渠道的不完善相冲突,使各利益群体之间的利益矛盾和利益差距不断扩大,社会不公平的现象不断发生。要防范社会利益继续分化,保障社会公平,必须建立一整套完善的利益均衡机制才能实现,这应当包括利益表达机制、利益博弈机制、利益疏导机制、利益调节机制以及利益保障机制等五个方面。     

禽流感病毒N1和N2亚型神经氨酸酶RT-PCR鉴别方法的建立

针对家禽中流行较为广泛、危害相对大的禽流感病毒(AIV)N1、N2亚型神经氨酸酶基因设计了2对引物,建立了一种RT-PCR鉴别方法,其目的片段大小分别为358 bp、377 bp.经对A/goose/Guangdong/1/96(H5N1)、A/Turkey/England/N28/73(H5N2)、A/African starling/983/79(H7N1)和A/Turkey/Wiscosin/1/66(H9N2)病毒株的鸡胚尿囊液样品进行扩增,扩增片段的大小与预期大小完全相符.经对国内不同地区分离的16株AIV N1亚型和21株AIV N2亚型用RT-PCR方法检测,阳性检出率分别为87.5%(14/16)和95.2%(20/21);对50份样品进行盲检,准确率为98%(49/50).