寻找迷失的自我——存在主义视野下《追忆克里斯塔·T》的主人公的心路历程

从存在主义视角分析德国女作家克里斯塔·沃尔夫的中篇小说《追忆克里斯塔·T》主人公克里斯塔·T终其一生追求自我的心路历程,可以看出其自我迷失的存在主义肇因,从而揭示出“自在”的不合理社会现实是“存在”走向“本质”的自我创作、自我选择、努力改变命运的人性之路不能实现的悲剧性根源。     

Fleetingness and media-ted existence. From Kierkegaard on the newspaper to Broderick on the Internet

Abstract

Increasingly, the modern world is ‘on speed’. Technology has, since the invention of the Gutenberg press, facilitated the ever more rapid, more widespread dispersal of information. The latest in the line of the mass information media, which runs from the book and newspaper through radio and television, is the Internet, a medium for which speed is measured in milliseconds, and for which the phrase ‘virtual reality’, or, more compact, ‘virtuality’, has thus been coined. Speed, however, relates not only to the dissemination of information, but also to its endurance: the quicker the medium, the more fleeting the presence of, and the more transitory one's encounter with a message. This brevity of encounter seems to some extent to run, phenomenologically, along with the range of the particular mass medium: the wider its reach, the quicker too the departure of its contents. In this sense, bigger is faster – though not necessarily with greater meaning, truth or integrity. Invasiveness and validity are not necessary corollaries. The power of the mass media lies in scope, rather than in depth. The existential impact this has on humans living in a world increasingly dominated by such mass media, has not passed by unnoticed. Some of the analyses are highlighted in this contribution, with some continued implications for living authentically in a media-ted world indicated.     

存在:从迷惘到自由——海明威与存在主义

作为“迷惘的一代”的代言人 ,海明威以自身的存在经验在一系列作品中探索了人类生存的迷惘及其出路。本文从存在主义的主要命题出发 ,在存在的三个层次上——存在的迷惘、存在的探索、存在的自由 ,探讨了海明威英雄对存在的认识过程。他们在认识到价值沦丧的社会中生存的迷惘和虚空后 ,没有沉沦 ,而是直面荒诞的人生 ,在行动中认识自我 ,探索新的存在 ,最终凝练出了自信、刚毅、强悍的“重压下的优雅”精神。海明威在赋予作家自由的同时 ,还给予了人物、读者以自由。他的思想基本上是存在主义的 ,但比存在主义乐观、肯定。     

试析曼海姆知识社会学理论

曼海姆通过对现代认识论与心理学研究问题的分析,提出了以环境决定知识和群体知识决定个人知识等观点为核心的知识社会学理论。他认为以往知识理论都是政党政治的产物,而知识社会学建立的目的是为了建构一门超党派、为人类服务的纯客观的知识体系。尽管他的知识社会学理论深化了存在论向度的知识问题研究,但由于其对社会问题把握缺失总体性综合式研究思路与方法,因而显得抽象、空洞并难以实现。     

加缪存在主义的渊源探微

社会危机、法西斯和斯大林主义的暴力与恐怖、技术理性和人的异化、时代思潮和哲学范式的转换构成加缪存在主义的社会背景；独特的人生经历激发他对荒诞的思考，生活的激情以及反叛精神确定了加缪的哲学和文学主题；生命哲学、宗教根源和希腊精神则构成加缪存在主义的思想渊源。     

存在论、生存论与生成性方法论旨趣

通过对哲学观从拟科学到拟价值嬗变的观察,马克思、海德格尔对形而上学的颠覆的双重理论视域及二者关系体现为:海德格尔分析传统形而上学的同时,又营建了有限性的形而上学,而马克思在对传统形而上学颠覆的同时,也消除了海德格尔的形而上学。马克思与海德格尔有关本体论思想价值取向的巨大反差,在于生存论方法性旨趣与形而上学性的本质主义的基础存在论。     

Václav Havel's Absurd Route to Democracy

Abstract

This article examines Václav Havel's unconventional route to democracy. At the core of the enquiry is an analysis of the role his Absurdism played in the development of his thought and activism. The essay illustrates how a typically literary, non-democratic intellectual orientation sustained Havel in his struggle for democratic political change against the abuses of really existing socialism. Yet, Havel's thought did not stop there; he eyed Western liberal ism critically as well. Springing from his Absurdist sensibility was a vision of democracy that was neither wholly liberal nor socialist, yet quite practical. By making a case for reconsidering ideas that typically fall outside the purview of democratic theory, this article also suggests the possibility of critically rethinking democracy itself.     

从存在精神病学的创立到反精神病学主张的提出--莱因存在精神病学说之解读

莱因本是英国著名的精神病学家,他把传统的精神分析学与存在主义哲学结合起来,创立了存在精神病学,从而成为存在分析学的当代主要代表。他提出要将精神病患者的特殊经验置于“在他世界中的存在”的前后关系之中来理解,并由此出发,进一步考察了精神分裂性个体的内部自身世界和外部关系世界。前者探讨的是分裂的自我,后者探讨的是自我与他人的社会关系。不过,最终他走向了反精神病学的立场。     

African being and cultural project

This article examines aspects of African culture seen as projects from an existentialist perspective and seeks to make a robust contribution to African studies and in particular interdisciplinary African studies. It offers a focus on the interiorisation of African cultural project-as-text as an upsurge of being; interiorisation(s) of being projects of African being and consciousness. This study on African subjectivity situates the African cultural constituency within a specific existentialist schematic: the African for itself in the form of cultural project-as-text, a reflective black consciousness, the black ‘I’ or African being-with-others in the form of cultural projects-as-texts, a self-reflective conscious of black consciousness, the black ‘we’-subject, ‘us’, and lastly African being-for-ourselves Black existentialist philosophy is predicated on the liberation of all black people from oppression.