Building socialism: from ‘scientific’ to ‘active’ Marxism

Abstract

Historical materialism envisages law-like tendencies (‘scientific’ Marxism) promoting the development of productive forces and, concurrently, a political praxis (‘active’ Marxism) requiring human intervention. These positions give rise to conflicting interpretations of Marxism: first to understand society, second to change it – to abolish economic exploitation. The twentieth century witnessed a shift in the locus of the contradictions of capitalism to the economically dependent territories of the imperial powers. Socialist parties, when in power and adopting a Leninist political praxis, furthered modernisation and were successful in reducing economic exploitation. The paper addresses the relationship between the scientific and praxis components of Marxism in contemporary global capitalism. It considers post-Marxist interpretations of the changing class structure, the rise of identity politics and the evolving nature of capital. Forms of domination, oppression and discrimination (bureaucracy, patriarchy, racism, militarism and credentialism) give rise to their own distinctive forms of power relations. It is contended that they should not be equated with Marx’s crucial insight into the nature of economic exploitation. Many current Marxist (and ‘post-Marxist’) writers adopt a ‘scientific’ position emphasising the inherent contradictions of capitalism. The author claims that without appropriate political praxis, the resolution of such contradictions is unlikely to transcend capitalism.     

总结历史经验坚定社会主义信念

正确评价社会主义实践，是坚定社会主义信念的必要前提；正确分析苏东剧变的根本原因．有利于坚定社会主义的必胜信念：正确理解社会主义必然代替资本主义的客观规律．则是坚定社会主义信念的理论基础。     

RETHINKING JUVENILE STATUS OFFENSE LAWS: CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONGRESSIONAL REVIEW OF THE JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION ACT

Families struggling with a breakdown in communication, trying to control the behavior of an unruly child, or experiencing a crisis often look for outside help. Many families, particularly those without resources to pay for private support, turn to their local status offense system. Status offenders are young people charged with behavior unique to their status as juveniles such as running away, truancy, or disobedience. In 2007, Congress will begin to consider reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA), the federal act related to status‐offender policy. By providing an overview of recent state status‐offense legislation and case law, this article identifies issues to be addressed by Congress in reauthorizing the JJDPA.     

从控制论视阈看文化在社会发展中的作用

作为特殊意识形态的自然科学技术,无论从社会演进的宏观动力机制看,还是从其微观动力机制看,都对社会发展具有决定性作用。社会意识形态虽然在宏观动力机制上处于从属的地位,但从微观动力机制上考察,对历史进程发展的迟速则具有决定性意义。     

关于东固与井冈山根据地历史联系问题的考辨

土地革命战争时期,东固革命根据地与井冈山革命根据地是否存有联系的问题,史学界一直存在不同的见解。根据前人研究成果和相关史料佐证,早在1928年,东固与井冈山革命根据之间就建有联系。红四军主力出击赣南,并最终与江西红二、四团在东固的会师,是两支革命力量进一步加强融合。     

论苏区精神

苏区精神是由毛泽东、周恩来、朱德、方志敏等领导培育形成的一种伟大革命精神。其内涵博大精深,归纳起来就是"坚定信念,求真务实,执政为民,艰苦奉献,廉洁奉公,争创第一"。其中最具中央苏区原创特色的是"求真务实、执政为民、廉洁自律、争创第一"。它是中国革命精神史上的一座不朽丰碑,是中华民族优良传统的重要组成部分,是井冈山精神在苏区时期的深化和发展,是长征精神、延安精神的先河和源泉,在中国革命精神链条中是不可或缺的重要一环。大力弘扬苏区精神,具有重要的现实意义和深远的历史意义。     

我国刑事被害人诉讼权利保护制度的完善

随着诉讼制度的发展,刑事被害人的诉讼地位经历了一个由高到低再逐渐提高的过程。我国修改后的刑事诉讼法提升了被害人的法律地位,并一定程度上强化了其诉讼权利,但在保护被害人诉讼权利方面仍存在着一些不足,应当采取相应的措施加以完善。     

《毛泽东思想概论》中"两个建议"的史实质疑与论证

我国高等院校党史教材和国内诸多史书论著,普遍认定“毛泽东思想两个建议”的史实。通过对《毛泽东思想概论》、《彭德怀自述》等有关“两个建议”史实不同版本的比较论证分析,可得出“中央革命根据地第五次反‘围剿’战役后期的两个战略性建议,不是毛泽东提出来的”史实结论,否定国内史学界近半个世纪以来所认定的普遍观点。     

李白诗受后世诗评家贬抑冷落原因探论

唐代以后诗评家一方面承认李诗与杜诗共为唐诗最高典范,另一方面又时常贬抑冷落李诗.李白诗歌成就、诗坛地位与李诗学研究状况之间存在巨大反差,并非是由于李诗缺乏审美价值,而是与古代诗学评价体系的价值取向直接关联.把诗的教化功能当作诗的首要之义,注重于诗法诗艺中评判诗人的作诗功夫,在开宗立派中学问化而不是审美化地承传诗歌,这是导致李诗评价在后世跌落的主要原因.     

唯物史观的历史前提与逻辑前提

马克思恩格斯在《德意志意识形态》中提出了唯物史观的两个前提(出发点)，即历史前提与逻辑前提。历史前提是从事实践活动的人，逻辑前提是人的实践活动。历史前提是逻辑前提的前提和基础，逻辑前提是历史前提的提炼和升华．二是辩证的、具体的统一，决不存在非此即彼的关系。提出并阐述唯物史观的历史前提与逻辑前提的辩证统一是唯物史观超越一切旧历史观的关键。