测谎证据在民事诉讼中的应用

测谎技术是一种现代高科技的产物,我们既不能绝对排斥其在民事审判中的应用,使其游离于民事诉讼程序之外,也不能将其“神化”,将其视为冲破民事诉讼僵局的刹手锏。任何对案件事实的判断都要遵循基本的证明规律,如何在民事诉讼程序中理性地规范地运用测谎技术判断证据,不仅需要立法上进一步完善,也需要我们进一步深入地探索。     

我国测谎技术的生理心理学研究综述

我国“测谎”技术的生理心理学研究集中在多道心理测试技术研究和脑电波测试技术研究两个方面,两者各有优点与不足,并都易受多种因素的影响。尽快确立测谎的统一标准和指标是发展我国的“测谎”技术亟待解决的问题。     

中毒死者体内毒鼠强的GC/MS-SIM分析

一 1 9岁男子赌气吞服一白色粉末 ,1 0min后口鼻流血、抽搐 ,迅速送医院 ,经催吐、透析等方法治疗 5天后死亡。根据中毒症状和经验怀疑为毒鼠强中毒。用GC/NPD检验肝中毒鼠强有干扰。改用GC/MS -SIM法分析 ,心血、肝和胃组织中全部检出毒鼠强 ,浓度分别为 0 5 1 μg .mL- 1、0 4 5 μg .g- 1和 0 33μg .g- 1,和文献结果在同一水平。GC/MS -SIM对复杂检材中低含量毒鼠强测定具有更高的选择性 ,也具有较高的灵敏度 ,同时进一步证实毒鼠强排泄较慢 ,经过较长时间后在体内分布比较均匀     

探析我国刑事诉讼中测谎权的配置问题

我国刑事诉讼中的测谎权是一种权力,单向配置给追诉机关.这一配置格局既忽视了测谎技术在刑事诉讼中的保护无辜功能,违背了刑事诉讼中控辩平等的基本原则,削弱了辩方的举证权和辩护权,也不能满足被追诉人单方主动提出测谎的现实需求.因此,我国刑事诉讼中的测谎权应当重新配置,赋予被追诉人有条件的独立测谎申请权,坚持测谎申请权与测谎决定权的结合.     

司法心理测试技术应用研究成果综述

广东省公安司法管理干部学院侦查系参与了国家“九五”科技攻关项目——司法心理测试技术、设备及应用研究,承担应用研究子专题任务。课题组采用实验研究和现场实案测试研究相结合的方法,完成了合同规定的研究任务,取得了重要成果。其成果主要内容如下:测谎技术用于区分犯罪施行者、知情者和无辜者研究;反测谎识别及其对策研究;测谎技术在刑事案件侦查中的应用研究;测谎基础理论的探讨;测谎技术应用情况;本课题研究对测谎技术的创新点。     

理性分析与法律规制：“测谎仪”在刑事司法活动中运用

“测谎仪”以特殊作用机理在刑事司法活动中发挥着重要的作用。通过对世界各国对“测谎仪”及测谎技术的考量，不难发现各国对“测谎仪”的使用存在不同的看法．这也加剧对“测谎仪”适用的争议。针对司法实践中对“测谎仪”的诘问，客观、理性的做法是：加强对“测谎仪”使用的法律规制．使其运用规范化、科学化、法律化。     

Fatal Intoxication with Toluene Due to Inhalation of Glue

Two cases of fatal intoxications with toluene due to glue sniffing are described. In case 1, the autopsy did not indicate cause of death, while in case 2, the cause of death was determined to possibly be due to mechanical asphyxia by drowning. As the decedents had a history of glue sniffing, toxicological analyses were performed. Using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with headspace method, toluene was detected in biological samples. Toluene ranged from 3.81 to 20.97 μg/g, with the highest concentrations observed in liver and brain (13.82–20.97 μg/g) in both cases. Based upon this data, the cause of death in both cases was determined to be toluene poisoning. Toxicological investigations are extremely important and should be considered mandatory in all deaths thought to be due to volatile substance abuse, as well as all deaths that are thought to be due to poisoning in young people.     

ID‐Check: Online Concealed Information Test Reveals True Identity

The Internet has already changed people's lives considerably and is likely to drastically change forensic research. We developed a web‐based test to reveal concealed autobiographical information. Initial studies identified a number of conditions that affect diagnostic efficiency. By combining these moderators, this study investigated the full potential of the online ID‐check. Participants (n = 101) tried to hide their identity and claimed a false identity in a reaction time‐based Concealed Information Test. Half of the participants were presented with personal details (e.g., first name, last name, birthday), whereas the others only saw irrelevant details. Results showed that participants′ true identity could be detected with high accuracy (AUC = 0.98; overall accuracy: 86–94%). Online memory detection can reliably and validly detect whether someone is hiding their true identity. This suggests that online memory detection might become a valuable tool for forensic applications.     

人隐瞒信息状态下多通道事件相关电位的研究

目的采用隐瞒信息测试(concealed informationtest,CIT)模式和多通道事件相关电位(event related potential,ERP)技术,对人类大脑在不同刺激下各脑区域活动情况和活跃程度进行对比,从神经电生理学层面揭示CIT模式隐瞒信息状态下视觉刺激人类大脑认知相关脑功能区特征。方法参考犯罪知情测试模式(GKT)的CIT模式,选用传统扑克牌,对17名被试人员进行视觉刺激,包括:靶、探测、无关和中立刺激,获得29通道ERP波。结果靶、探测和无关刺激平均按键反应时间:775ms、774ms和720ms;探测和无关刺激各通道P300峰潜伏期配对t检验,有统计学意义(P0.05)的通道有4个;探测和无关刺激各通道P300平均波幅(400~700ms)进行配对t检验,有统计学意义(P0.05)的通道有19个。结论隐瞒知晓信息是一个由多个脑功能皮质共同完成的复杂过程,与诚实反应抑制有密切关系,与额叶前部和上部皮质、前扣带回皮质(ACC)和缘上回等脑功能皮质特异相关。     

Gunshot residue in Chicago police vehicles and facilities: an empirical study

Suspects in shooting investigations in Chicago are routinely transported in department vehicles and detained in department facilities prior to gunshot residue (GSR) evidence collection. The GSR test results are used to associate the suspect with primary exposure to GSR. The potential for these vehicles and facilities being sources of secondary GSR contamination needed to be determined. A total of 201 samples were collected from randomly selected vehicles and detention facilities. The sampling collected trace materials from surfaces that suspects' hands may contact during the arrest process. These samples were examined for the presence of GSR particles using scanning electron microscopy. Upon completion of the automated analysis, those particles that met an initial GSR screening criterion were relocated and reanalyzed. The locations where GSR particles were recovered allowed us to make recommendations to the Chicago Police Department with regard to transporting and detaining these suspects. The low number of GSR particles recovered suggests that the potential for secondary contamination, although present, is relatively low.