民间法视野中的村规民约——以河北省某村的民间调查为个案

村规民约对农村的稳定和发展起着重要的作用。从历史上看,在想当长的一段时期内,村规民约都起到了维护农村规则之治的作用。近年来,随着村委会制度和村民自治的完善,出现了越来越多的村规民约。从制定法的角度来看,村规民约并不属于正统的国家法律体系,只能归入民间法的体系中。在民间法的体系下,村规民约有着其特殊的构成、性质和作用。     

NGOs and Ethnic Conflict: Lessons from the Work of the Project on Ethnic Relations in the Balkans

This article examines the impact of nongovernmental organization-sponsored contact and communication on fostering peaceful solutions to ethnic conflict via case studies of the activities of the Project on Ethnic Relations (PER) in Romania, Macedonia, Montenegro, Kosovo, and Serbia. It explores five operational principles that guide PER activity: creating credible, neutral forums for dialogue; maintaining momentum; working within political realities; encouraging indigenous solutions from within existing processes; and acting with the backing of powerful states. These principles explain PER's success as a "weak mediator" of ethnic conflicts. According to this analysis, PER also exhibits organizational characteristics that contribute to success, including nonpartisanship, area expertise and extensive networks of local contacts, and an ability to secure the trust of local actors.
A significant indicator of the success of PER activities is the establishment by conflicting parties of institutionalized mechanisms for addressing their differences. Contrary to the view that electoral competition contributes to conflict, this study finds that the possibility of achieving an electoral advantage by participating cooperatively in conflict resolution activities creates incentives for local actors to recognize opportunities offered by PER activities and leads local actors to heed PER's advice. Finally, the article offers a cautionary observation. While PER's perceived influence with major international actors may contribute to its local successes, once a state actor with the power to impose a solution has committed itself to ending a conflict, its preferences outweigh any local interests in determining the outcome and renders the efforts of a "weak mediator" such as PER irrelevant.     

中国调解与审判关系新论——从历史的视角

调解与审判合一,一直被认为是中国古代司法的优点。但正是因为调审合一有着明显弊端,我国古代司法向近代变迁时呈现出调解游离于审判之外的态势,这是利于依法治国及彻底解决纠纷的因素,值得我们在当代司法中借鉴。     

Competitive Liberalization,Competitive Imperialism,and Intellectual Property

Aggressive pursuit of free trade agreements (FTAs) and customs unions (CUs) by major and minor trading powers alike challenges the conventional wisdom in favor of such pursuit – competitive liberalization. An equally plausible explanation for an active bilateral and regional trade agreement policy, one which effectively de-emphasizes multilateralism, may be competitive imperialism. The protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights is one area in which new provisions, going beyond multilateral rules, are being negotiated and written into FTAs and CUs. Such provisions may yield insights into which characterization of bilateralism and regionalism – competitive liberalization or competitive imperialism – is more apt. Rice Distinguished Professor, The University of Kansas, School of Law, Green Hall, 1535 West 15th Street, Lawrence, KS 66045-7577, USA. Tel. +1-785-8649224. Fax. +1-785-8645054. www.law.ku.edu. J.D., Harvard (1989); M.Sc., Oxford (1986); M.Sc., London School of Economics (1985); A.B., Duke (1984). Marshall Scholar (1984-86). Member, Council on Foreign Relations, Royal Society for Asian Affairs, and Fellowship of Catholic Scholars. Author, Modern GATT Law (Sweet & Maxwell 2005), International Trade Law: Theory and Practice (2nd ed. 2000, 3rd ed. forthcoming 2007-08), and Trade, Development, and Social Justice (Carolina Academic Press 2003). I am thankful to my Research Assistant, Mr. David R. Jackson (B.A., George Mason University, 1992; J.D. Class of 2007, University of Kansas), for his indispensable help on this work. I also am grateful to Dr. Mohammed El Said, University of Central Lancashire (UCLAN), for his consistent support and friendship, and for what he has taught and continues to teach me about international trade and intellectual property.     

论BOT特许协议在我国西部的适用

根据当今中国适用BOT特许协议的立法现状,结合我国西部的发展前景,应加快对相关法律的研究、完善步伐,以推动BOT特许协议在西部开发中的适用。     

传媒监督与司法独立的冲突与契合

传媒监督司法和司法独立 ,已是现代法治的潮流。但是 ,它们之间又有着不容忽视的冲突 ,问题的关键在于两者必须实现平衡与契合。     

纵向限制竞争协议与横向限制竞争协议的比较

纵向限制竞争协议主要影响同一品牌内部的竞争,因而对纵向限制竞争协议,主要应看一方当事人的市场力量如何,以及对竞争者的排斥效果如何。由于纵向限制竞争协议积极效果更加突出,因而不像横向限制竞争协议那样受到严格的控制,本身违法规则适用范围有限,除了转售价格维持与绝对的地域保护以外,对其他纵向限制竞争协议均应适用合理规则进行分析。     

原产地保护制度及规则构筑之思路

原产地保护是一项在国际上已有一百多年历史的工业产权制度,在保障以某些知名商品为代表的地域产业经济良性发展和维护有序的知识产权市场化方面发挥着巨大作用。由于长期以来未建立起一套成型的原产地保护制度,我国在原产地名称上屡遭假冒、抢注等侵权。TRIPS协议明确将原产地名称(地理标志)纳入了法律的保护。因此,中国在原产地名称保护方面势必要加强力度,在立法模式、具体操作等问题上,应采取一些必要措施。     

THE POTENTIAL OF THE FAMILY LAW EDUCATION REFORM PROJECT FOR FAMILY LAWYERS1

Family lawyers are major beneficiaries of the reforms set out in the Family Law Education Reform Project (FLER) Report. This commentary from a veteran family law practitioner explores the needs of the family law bar for the training of law students in practical, interdisciplinary, client‐centered lawyering that goes beyond the traditional case method. I trace many of the current innovations evolving in family law practice and how FLER reforms will not only benefit law schools but also have a major impact in the courts and private practice sector.     

MEDIATIVE EVALUATIONS: THE PROS AND PERILS OF BLENDING ROLES

Child custody evaluators with experience in mediation may be tempted to use mediation skills and strategies in their evaluation processes. This article explores the benefits and risks of blending mediation with evaluation, comparing the perspectives of professionals and clients.