Application of the Optimized Summed Scored Attributes Method to Sex Estimation in Asian Crania

The optimized summed scored attributes (OSSA) method was recently introduced and validated for nonmetric ancestry estimation between American Black and White individuals. The method proceeds by scoring, dichotomizing, and subsequently summing ordinal morphoscopic trait scores to maximize between‐group differences. This study tests the applicability of the OSSA method for sex estimation using five cranial traits given the methodological similarities between classifying sex and ancestry. A large sample of documented crania from Japan and Thailand (n = 744 males, 320 females) are used to develop a heuristically selected OSSA sectioning point of ≤1 separating males and females. This sectioning point is validated using a holdout sample of Japanese, Thai, and Filipino (n = 178 males, 82 females) individuals. The results indicate a general correct classification rate of 82% using all five traits, and 81% when excluding the mental eminence. Designating an OSSA score of 2 as indeterminate is recommended.     

论乡土社会的解纷规则及其优化配置

在乡土社会,人们依据各式各样的规则来解决彼此之间的冲突,制定法和习惯法、伦理道德、风俗习惯、宗教信仰等潜规则皆是被选择的对象。乡土社会的现实状况表明:如果将一切乡土冲突都强行纳入制定法的统辖范围,结果只会适得其反。因此,为了在乡土社会推行现代法治的同时不致破坏其秩序,就必须实现解纷规则的优化配置。     

论公安文书写作课程的优化教学

随着公安工作的进一步科学化、法制化、规范化,公安文书在内部行政管理和执法工作中都体现出了特定的工具性和不可或缺性。在此,从模拟实战,创设写作情境;比较辨别,廓清写作的重点难点;融会贯通,增加课堂知识容量三个方面阐述优化公安写作课程教学,更好地服务于实战。     

新冠肺炎对我国公共危机管理现存问题的揭示与对策研究

新冠肺炎疫情以湖北武汉为中心,迅速向全国蔓延,造成了严重的社会影响。在党的领导下,疫情防控阻击战目前已获得一定成果。新冠肺炎疫情的爆发不仅再次揭露了公共危机的特点,还揭示了我国公共危机管理中存在的问题:危机意识较薄弱、法制体系不完备、信息管理不完善和社会参与管理不足等。对此,应及时采取措施:政府层面做好大局建设,媒体层面提供信息支持,社会层面贡献优势力量。     

强镇扩权背景下县镇权力配置、运行的偏差与优化--对于浙江省N市强镇扩权案例的实证分析

强镇扩权的核心内容是通过放权赋予试点镇与县级政府相同的经济社会管理权限，但从其权力下放过程来看，县镇之间的权力配置和运作与现实需要、制度文本之间均存在着偏差。引发权力下放中县镇权力配置、运行偏差的原因不仅有放权的法律限度、更有其利益动机及其所契入的地方治理权力架构等。优化强镇扩权背景下县镇两级权力配置及其运行，是一项系统工程，应以完善的分权制度安排为主要手段，以必要的监督约束机制为补充，改善包括分权逻辑、放权原则、考核体制机制在内的整体性制度设计。     

VoIP G.723.1语音算法的优化与实现

提出一种VoIP G.723.1双速率语音算法汇编优化及其DSP实现方法。通过阐述G.723.1信源编码的实现过程,讨论纯C代码在DSP平台上运行速度慢的原因。对关键代码全汇编优化以及优化过程的同步调试,采用该方法的优化结果和预期优化结果基本符合。FIFO环形缓冲区可以实现实时语音播放和IP-Phone,PESQ测试结果表明系统满足VoIP语音的质量要求。     

产单核细胞李斯特菌溶血素O基因在大肠杆菌中的优化表达及ELISA检测方法的建立

在克隆产单核细胞李斯特菌(LMO)hlyA基因并构建其原核表达载体的基础上,进一步对IPTG浓度、诱导时间、诱导温度等影响目的蛋白表达的重要条件进行了优化.根据确定的最佳诱导条件,使目的蛋白获得了高效表达.对表达的李斯特菌溶血素O(LLO)进行了纯化,以其作为靶抗原,采用间接ELISA方法检测了动物血清中的特异性LLO抗体.结果表明,用表达产物作为靶抗原可对LMO感染动物进行初步诊断,为建立基于LLO的动物李斯特菌病血清学诊断技术奠定了基础.     

优化规制:中国政府规制改革的现实选择

在西方放松规制的潮流下,中国政府规制改革应何去何从?本文首先对规制的意义进行区分和界定,并追溯美国政府规制的发展轨迹,然后结合我国的情况,提出了中国规制改革的取向--优化规制.     

The Optimized Summed Scored Attributes Method for the Classification of U.S. Blacks and Whites: A Validation Study

Recently, Hefner and Ousley (2014) introduced the optimized summed scored attributes (OSSA) method that maximizes between‐group differences in U.S. black and white populations by dichotomizing six cranial morphoscopic trait scores. This study tests OSSA using an independent skeletal sample (Hamann‐Todd, n = 208) and positively identified forensic cases (Mercyhurst University, n = 28, and New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner, n = 38). An evaluation of trait frequencies suggests shifting the heuristically selected sectioning point separating U.S. black and white populations from ≤ 3 to ≤ 4. We found a total correct classification of 73.0% (B = 50.9%, W = 89.2%) using the originally suggested sectioning point of ≤3, while the total correct classification increases to 79.2% (B = 80.2%, W = 78.5%) with a modified sectioning point of ≤4. With the increased total correct classification and reduced classification bias between ancestry groups, we suggest the modified sectioning point of ≤4 be used when assessing ancestry in forensic unknowns.