Fundamental principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights and the applications

Legal principle, which underlies the value of the legal system, is supposed to be the origin and basis of concrete legal rules. It has also resulted from abstracting and summarizing the value and spirit of these legal rules. In light of the universality and hierarchy of legal principle, the principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights (IPR) can be divided into the following two types: one is the fundamental principles applied to the what, why and how a legal system shall be constructed, such as principles of sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit, joint development, and international cooperation, which also can be expressed as the principles of sovereignty, international coordination and cooperation, fairness and justice. The other type includes those existing in the legal system and capable of being applied directly, such as the principle of national treatment, principle of minimum standard, principle of independence (for industrial property right), principle of independent protection (for copyright), principle of compulsory implementing patent (for patent right) and doctrine of priority (for industrial property right), etc. In my opinion, the principles of the international protection system of IPR shall follow the latter model, indicating that they shall be provided and written in the international conventions on the grounds that they can be applied directly, and that they can be universally applied to the whole international protection system of IPR instead of exclusive application to one certain system. Hereupon, the author believes that principles concerning the international protection system of IPR should include the principles of national treatment, minimum protection standard and public interest.     

Managing commercial risks in open source software licensing

Legal context: The article reviews the commercial risk allocation clauses intypical open source licence terms and discusses their enforceabilityand implications. Key points: The enforceability of warranty disclaimers and limitation ofliability clauses in common open source licence terms is questionable,particularly in a cross-border context, and commercial licensorsshould take additional steps to protect themselves from down-streamrisks. Practical significance: Open source software presents a number of unusual commercialissues, because it is available free of charge and the providerstry to disclaim warranties and liabilities. End users and resellershave to adjust their own in- and out-licensing models to accommodatethis situation.     

论专利权滥用行为的法律规制

随着科技的发展和技术贸易量的加大 ,专利权滥用行为的问题日益突出。专利权作为一种合法的垄断权 ,其被滥用同样会损害他人及公共的利益 ,构成对专利法等民事法律立法宗旨的违背和对反垄断法的违反。本文对专利权滥用行为理论进行了一般分析 ,并对世界主要国家与我国专利权滥用控制法律制度作了比较研究 ,在此基础上 ,提出了建立我国专利权滥用行为反垄断法控制制度的相关建议。     

专利侵权不停止的司法可能及其实现

按照传统民法程式化处置模式,停止侵害是侵权案件必然的司法后果.但如果将这一模式直接引至专利侵权纠纷的司法过程,则可能发现其中的非必然性.基于科学技术的公共性特质,法院更有可能倾向于在司法过程中促成专利交易,即专利侵权不停止.传统模式的突破,无论从理论解释还是专利实践上均能获致支持.以优化技术资源的市场配置为立场,可以获得“容忍限度论”及“责任规则说”的诠释；无论在国外还是国内,专利侵权不停止业已成为一种现实的司法裁断,而这一过程的实现则仰赖于专利权自身的横向权利结构和对技术目标的诠释.     

专利权瑕疵的类型及其法律责任——基于合同法的视角

专利权瑕疵是一类重要的权利瑕疵。在专利法学中引入专利权瑕疵担保责任的概念,沟通了合同法与专利法,是民法与知识产权法之间深层互动的重要体现。实务中专利权瑕疵主要发生在以买卖合同为代表的有体物交易合同和以专利转让合同及专利实施许可合同为代表的权利交易合同中。在合同法的视角下,专利权瑕疵的救济方式主要包括中止支付价金、继续履行减价、解除合同以及请求损害赔偿等。     

论世界专利

世界专利是专利制度发展的趋势.建立世界专利的客观条件已经基本具备:程序一体化对世界专利产生起着巨大的推动作用;地区性专利条约为世界专利提供了直接的样板;美国专利法改革为专利制度的统一消除了重要障碍;专利审查高速公路合作为单一审查打下了良好的实践基础;实体专利法条约取得进展.世界专利可能采取的模式包括PCT改进版模式、欧洲专利模式、统一生效加申请进入模式、单一世界专利模式等,它们各有特点.这四种模式也可以看作是世界专利的四个发展阶段.     

技术标准化下专利许可制度私法基础的困境及其超越

技术标准化下，专利权极有可能借助标准的力量得以扩张，专利许可的交易样态和力量对比发生了重大变化，传统专利许可制度的私法基础由于回应上的迟滞，出现了适应性困境，并使得建构其上的专利许可制度在技术标准化环境下平衡专利许可交易各方利益方面的制度功能绩效受到极大的抑制甚至是丧失。为回应技术标准化环境的新要求，重塑和升级现有专利许可制度，首当其冲的任务就是在检视传统专利许可私法基础的前提下，从具体人格、利益平衡以及契约自由限制等方面对其作出新的适应性阐释，以为技术标准化下专利许可制度的完善肃清理论的障碍。     

论专利侵权判定中等同原则的完善

专利是推动社会进步、经济发展的重要制度保证.依法保护专利权、制裁侵犯专利权的行为,首要和关键的问题就在于对是否为专利侵权进行判定."等同原则"是专利侵权判定的一项重要原则.然而,该原则的合理适用被中外专利、司法界喻为"专利诉讼中最富挑战性的难题",对"等同"的认定产生偏差将导致该原则在适用中标准不统一,严重影响司法的社会效果和司法的统一性.即力图对等同原则这一在国内外专利侵权判定中长期争论的问题再作一思考,以期对等同原则的科学适用和进一步完善进行一些有益的探讨.     

专利联盟的垄断性研究

专利联盟是区别于传统的专利单独许可的一种联合许可形式,它已成为许多发达国家企业知识产权战略的一种重要方式,但它极有可能进入反垄断法的调整范围.文章在对专利联盟相关概念进行介绍的基础上,全面分析了专利联盟对竞争可能造成的影响和美日两国反垄断法对其采取的态度,并最终对我国专利联盟垄断性问题的研究和立法提出了一些意见.     

基于多级价值评估的专利交易定价机制

为解决专利市场定价混乱、交易无序的问题，该文通过利用综合评价法及专利价值分析指标体系，构建基于多级价值评估的专利交易定价机制，并利用实际发生案例验证其合理性，科学准确地确定专利交易价格，拓宽专利交易渠道，从而规范专利交易市场，提高科技成果转化率，促进技术转移。