国际人道主义法的危机——驻伊美军虐待俘虏事件的若干法律问题分析

战争的残酷性使得人们更为关注生命尊严的价值,国际人道主义法亦随之得以发展。然而,近期曝光的驻伊美军虐待战俘事件,侵犯了战俘的生命健康权、人格权、中诉及公平审判权,严重违反国际人道主义法,而现行国际法与国内法机制均无法有效地惩罚这种违法行为。因此,为了真正保护国际人权,惩治战争犯罪,应增强国际刑事法院等组织的地位。     

三论改造罪犯的内容——答张国敏同志

犯罪心理的复杂性决定了改造罪犯内容的多样性.改造罪犯的内容是多方面的,是可以列举的,但不是单一的.随着历史的进程和在押犯成分的变化,对罪犯的改造内容,也经历了一个不断变化和充实的过程.<监狱法>对改造罪犯的目的和工作内容,已经作了明确的规定.不能离开我国改造罪犯工作的现实和法律规定,将改造罪犯的内容限制在某一点上.     

Psychologists as ‘the quiet ones with the power’: understanding indeterminate sentenced prisoners’ experiences of psychological risk assessment in the United Kingdom

ABSTRACT

Prisoners serving indeterminate sentences in the United Kingdom do not know when or if they will be released from prison. Release and progression decisions are determined by the risk the ISP presents of reoffending. This makes the assessment of risk a high stakes business for ISPs. Whilst there is a large body of literature focused on prisoners’ general experiences of prison, there is an absence of specific empirical exploration of prisoners’ experiences of risk assessment. This paper aims to address this gap by reporting the results of a qualitative exploration of ISPs’ experiences of psychological risk assessment. Interviews with 10 ISPs were conducted and analysed using Grounded Theory methods. Analysis indicated that prisoners experienced the prison environment as characterised by violence, volatility and suffering. Psychological risk assessment is embedded within this emotionally and physically challenging context but also contributes to the experience of suffering. Within this context, prisoners felt stuck, powerless and out of control in relation to risk assessment, and experienced psychologists as untrustworthy yet powerful. Understanding prisoners’ experiences is the first step in resolving some of the long-reported difficulties in working relationships between psychologists and prisoners as well as making the process more procedurally just.     

The negligence of prison authorities and the protection of prisoner’s rights

This article looks at the potential for legal action brought by prisoners (and their dependants) who have suffered from the alleged neglect of the prison authorities. The article will examine the case law in this area to assess the success of prisoners’ negligence claims and whether such claims are unduly fettered by judicial attitudes and other more practical issues such as the difficulty in establishing a breach of duty. In particular the article will consider whether the law and its application has been, or should be, modified in the light of new obligations imposed on public authorities, including the courts, by the Human Rights Act 1998 and by the developing case law of the European Court of Human Rights in respect of Convention rights such as the right to life and freedom from inhuman and degrading treatment.     

谈“关系犯”的危害及治理

"关系犯"是与监狱机关或监狱人民警察有某些利害或利益关系而受到特殊处遇的罪犯."关系犯"的存在,具有巨大的危害性.它严重干扰、破坏监内改造秩序;影响罪犯的改造;破坏执法的公平与公正;腐蚀监狱人民警察队伍;削弱监狱惩罚改造罪犯功能的发挥.对此,必须高度重视,采取综合措施进行治理.必须从体制上入手,实行监企分开;要大力加强队伍的思想建设和管理教育;要加强制度建设,严格依法治监.     

Procedural justice at German courts as seen by defendants and juvenile prisoners

The article summarizes German research on procedural and distributive justice at criminal courts. The first German field studies addressing these topics are presented. Procedural justice characteristics like neutrality, courtesy, equal consideration of evidence, voice, and fairness of procedural rules are relevant for Germans. A study on juvenile prisoners shows no support for equity theory and some for the Group Value model. Lay assessors receive positive evaluations by juvenile prisoners.     

现代性语境下服刑人员的人学审视

现代性是当下全球化时代的中心话语,掌握着当今世界的主导话语权。传统现代性的弊病不断凸显,特别是导致“人”的问题日益严重,后现代主义思潮的影响日益增大,需要对传统现代性带来的“现代病”进行揭露、批判和反思,也需要从现代性的角度重新审视当下的服刑人员。时代呼唤人本理念和人的现代化,还给“人”以主体地位。现代化文明监狱也应该调整改造目标．以马克思主义人学理论为基础,把服刑人员的现代化作为现代化文明监狱改造工作的价值诉求。     

论加强服刑人员的职业技术教育——新时期提高教育改造质量的治本之策

服刑人员职业技术教育是保障服刑人员回归社会后的基本生存权的客观需求,是在认真总结反思近年来刑释人员重新犯罪原因的基础上提出的一个重要课题。要通过激发培训动机、优化培训内容、建立弹性教学管理制度、引入社会力量办学、加强政策引导、建立社会联动机制等多种措施加强职业技术教育．把提高改造质量与实现刑释回归人员的基本权利有机结合起来,以实现刑罚目的为目标,建立起体现“以人为本”要求的现代监狱制度。     

和谐社会视野下服刑罪犯同居权问题研究

在和谐社会视野下,服刑罪犯的同居权问题一直备受关注。从理论上说,服刑罪犯同居权是尊重和保障基本人权的宪法原则的依据和体现,是罪刑法定原则的自然延伸。服刑罪犯同居权的实现是其生理上的现实需要,也有利于矫正罪犯,构建和谐社会。服刑罪犯同居权的实现,要从服刑罪犯的受益面与监狱自身的实际相结合。