汉族人群五个STR基因座的多态性调查

应用PCR及PAG电泳技术研究了PLA2A、vWA、CYP19、TH和LPL五个基因座的多态性，调查武汉地区汉族无关个体，获得汉族人群的频率分布。五个基因座基因型频率分布与Hardy-Weinberg平衡吻合良好、分别计算基因座的杂合度（H）、个人识别能力（Dp）、非父排除率（PE）和多态性信息总量（PIC）。为法医学应用提供了基础数据。     

用引物Y_3,Y_4和DNA扩增技术作血液(痕)和毛根性别鉴定的研究

作者用引物Y_3、Y_4和DNA聚合酶链式反应(PCR)作微量人类血液(痕)和毛根的性别鉴定。扩增的靶序列位于Y染色体DNA特异3.4kb重复序列中,扩增产物为460bp。检材用量为:新鲜血液0.5μl、血痕纱纤维1mm、毛根单个。20例保存4个月的血痕与2例保存6年半的血痕性别判定结果均正确,无性别记载的保存9～11年的3例血痕显现了清晰的460bpY特异DNA扩增带。15例保存20天的自然脱落毛根性别判定结果均正确。本法省略了检材处理中的酚-氯仿抽提DNA等纯化步骤,既简化了实验操作,又减少了检验过程中外源DNA的污染机会和样品DNA的损耗,使这一性别鉴定方法更符合法医学实践的需要。     

中国5个群体D20S85基因座的遗传多态性

目的 了解中国5个群体D20S85基因座的群体遗传学数据,比较它们之间的遗传学差异,探讨其在法医学应用中的意义。方法 分别收集5个群体622名无关个体的血样,Chelex-100快速抽提法或饱和酚/氯仿法抽提DNA;扩增后经PAGE垂直板电泳、银染,进行D20S85基因座分型。结果 在5个群体622名无关个体中,共检出9个等位基因,并首次在广东汉族和广西壮族群体中检出等位基因14;每个群体基因频率大于0.05的均为6个,D20S85*6为最常见等位基因。5个群体共观察到35种基因型,群体内基因型频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg氏平衡,各群体间基因型构成比无显著性差异。观察140次减数分裂未发现突变。各群体的期望杂合度为0.7720～0.7912;非父排除率,在三联体为0.7538～0.7594,二联体为0.3988～0.4297;个人识别率为0.9175～0,9272;多态信息含量为0.7442～0.7656。应用于亲子鉴定和个人识别案例,效果满意。结论 D20S85基因座是法医学应用价值较高的遗传标记系统。     

Thyreoglobulin and violent asphyxia

The concentration of thyreoglobulin (tg) was determined for death caused by hanging, strangulation by ligature, and throttling. Cases of sudden death (traumatic aortic rupture, penetrating wounds of the heart) were used for comparison. The mean values in cases of hanging (149.9±202.3 ng/ml), strangulation by ligature (193.1±173.3), manual strangulation (561.6±173.9) are distinguishable from violent acute deaths (23.3±27.6) and living healthy individuals (17.3±16.1). By means of statistical comparisons, significant differences were found between throttling and strangulation by ligature and between throttling and hanging (adjusted P<0.001). In connection with examination of the bodies high tg values can be regarded as a vital reaction in obstructive asphyxia.     

社会稳定与发展状况的公众心态分析

近年来在公众的社会心态中 ,对社会稳定与发展的评价逐年提高 ,然而 ,由于改革的复杂性 ,以及社会各阶层利益的多样性 ,公众社会心态又存在着影响社会稳定的不确定因素。应采取适当措施 ,维护和发展群众的根本利益 ,保持社会的稳定与发展     

与中国有关的专属经济区渔业争端及其解决途径之思考

近年来,与中国有关的渔业争端有增多的趋势。对于因沿海国在其专属经济区扣押中国渔船引起的渔业争端,可以借助《海洋法公约》的有关规定,充分运用协商谈判、调解之解决程序,并考虑利用海洋法法庭在解决“迅速释放”问题方面具有强制管辖权的优势,就这方面的渔业争端接受海洋法法庭的管辖。而中国与周边国家存在的涉及领土主权事项和划界争议所引起的渔业争端,其治本之策在于解决划界问题,对此,可以声明不予适用强制程序,而是通过谈判,在“搁置争议,共同开发”的基础上渐进地予以解决。     

Simplified Direct PCR Method for Reference Buccal Samples Using a Non-FTA Card by Omitting the Pretreatment Step

When using non-FTA cards in commercial multiplex STR kits for direct PCR, pretreatment steps with specific buffers are recommended. Here, we designed a rapid direct PCR method utilizing a non-FTA card, Oral Cell Sampling Kit, by omitting the pretreatment step involving Prep-n-Go™ Buffer, and it showed compatibility with the GlobalFiler™ Express PCR Amplification Kit, GlobalFiler™ PCR Amplification Kit, and PowerPlex^® Fusion system. To optimize the PCR conditions, we tested the method with different final PCR volumes and cycles. Finally, we conducted a performance test using 50 Korean buccal samples and confirmed the high performance of the method, detecting more than 90% of the samples with full profiles when using GlobalFiler™ PCR Amplification Kit and PowerPlex^® Fusion system at 29 cycles in a 10 μL final PCR volume. Thus, we report a simple direct PCR set-up to analyze reference samples collected using a non-FTA card manufactured in Korea.     

A screening method for urinary methamphetamine--latex agglutination inhibition reaction test

Methamphetamine in urine samples from abusers was detected by the latex agglutination inhibition reaction test with latex-antibody (Latex-Ab) and latex-methamphetamine (Latex-MA) reagents. Anti-methamphetamine antibody was produced in rabbits by immunization with bovine serum albumin (BSA)-methamphetamine conjugate. Latex particles were coated with antibodies or with rabbit serum albumin (RSA)-methamphetamine conjugate to obtain Latex-Ab and Latex-MA reagents, respectively. The results are read at 4-5 min after mixing the latex reagents. The sensitivity of this method for methamphetamine was 0.4 micrograms/ml urine. Methamphetamine analogs (methylephedrine, amphetamine, phentermine, methoxyphenamine, ephedrine, beta-phenylethylamine, OH-methamphetamine, OH-amphetamine, and OH-ephedrine) all cross-react in varying degrees, while glucosiurea and albuminurea give false positive results in the tests. Though attention must be paid to these effects this simple and rapid test is suitable for the mass screening of urine samples.     

法治警务框架下行政即时强制的规范和救济

行政即时强制是公安机关和其他有权机关在执法过程中经常运用的一种极为特殊的行政强制手段。由于它的特殊性和高自我裁量性,在理论上和实践中都极为容易造成对公民人权的损害。法治警务框架的构建和“立警为公,执政为民”的提出必然要求对即时强制予以规范和救济。     

常见蔬菜、调料、空白脏器对硫靛反应化学检验氟乙酰胺干扰的实验研究

氟乙酰胺类鼠药(含氟乙酸,氟乙酸钠)是水溶性毒物,极性大,毒性也大.中毒死亡后在体内含量呈微.人及动物死亡后,难以用常见的TLC方法进行分析.几年来,经改进后的硫靛反应化学法,一直在各实验室办案中应用.该法对氟乙酰胺类鼠药中毒案件鉴定起了很大作用.但经过多年的研究实验及案件应用,笔者认为硫靛反应不是氟乙酰胺鼠药的专属性反应,有干扰,方法灵敏度低.仅靠该法出现阳性结果和阴性结果,均不能对检材作肯定或否定结论,应配合其它方法或案情进行综合评价.