商标侵权惩罚性赔偿的制度构建

我国《商标法》2013年第三次修改时首次在知识产权领域引入惩罚性赔偿责任。实证分析表明,惩罚性赔偿在商标侵权诉讼中适用甚少且适用不规范的问题突出,未能充分发挥其遏制侵权行为的预期作用。究其原因,主要存在适用条件不明确、赔偿基数难确定、程序保障不充分等问题。为规范适用,充分发挥惩罚性赔偿的作用,需要从以下四个方面完善其制度构建:一是强化程序保障;二是明确适用条件;三是完善赔偿数额的计算;四是厘清惩罚性赔偿与法定赔偿的关系。     

Simple Rhetoric and Complex Punitiveness: Federal Criminal Justice Responses to White-Collar Criminality

Abstract

Though criminological literature shows that the manifestation of punitiveness in the criminal justice system is complex, it rarely differentiates between responses to different kinds of crimes. This constitutes a significant gap in knowledge, as it is widely believed that white-collar crimes are treated leniently. In light of the “heating up” of political rhetoric, the expansion of federal criminal law, and the increased maximum punishments on conviction, the article aims to explore whether prosecutorial and judicial responses to white-collar crimes have become more punitive, employing rarely used datasets from the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) between 1996 and 2014. It is demonstrated that these responses are more complex and less consistently punitive than the rhetoric and policies advanced by politicians. It endeavors to capture the complexity of punitiveness in practice by measuring numerous variables and multiple points in the criminal justice process, studying punitiveness from multiple angles, using prosecution and sentencing data.     

构建我国食品召回制度的法律思考

缺陷食品召回制度是一种具有公法性质的行政管理制度和有效手段,在发达国家已非常完善。近年来,由于食品召回立法的缺位,在一系列的缺陷食品事件中,我国消费者的合法权益未能得到平等的保护。在市场经济和加入WTO的今天,日益成为阻碍消费者权益保护和企业竞争力增强的制度障碍。为此,借鉴发达国家的实践经验,结合中国国情,确立和完善我国的食品产品召回制度就成为当务之急。     

信息语境下的侦查路径分析

社会分工条件下侦查主体面临着信息成本无限扩张与侦查能力相对有限之间的矛盾,社会变迁及科技发展为侦查主体加强对个体信息的渗透提供了无限可能,但这种可能性受到私权的严格限制。信息交易为侦查主体提供了一种新的低代价的信息获取渠道。     

各国立法上违约金性质比较研究

违约金诞生于罗马法,至今理论界仍存在很大分歧,这集中表现在两大法系对惩罚性违约金的态度上。我国合同法第114条对违约金性质做了专门规定,但在理论上依然有一些问题引发争论。如何吸收两大法系的经验,及时完善我国违约金制度,避免国际贸易中的合同条款因违背各国的国内强行法而无效,实有必要对各国违约金的性质进行比较研究。     

The European airline industry: law and economics of low cost carriers

This article offers an analysis of the European airline industry in order to understand the new dynamics of the competitive field. The liberalization process did not lead the entrance of competitors similar to incumbents, but a new organizational model has been developed, the one of low cost carriers. The incumbents’ reaction to the liberalization process coupled with the entrance of low cost companies into the sector are hence considered. Two theories are analysed: the contestable markets theory, to understand the theoretical vision that has influenced the liberalization process, and the core theory, a modern approach to the concept of destructive competition that, according to some authors, is a recurring problem in the sector. While numerous barriers to entry still exist, the paper examines how the organizational model of low cost companies has helped new entrants to overtake these obstacles. By the same token, the application of the core theory does not seem to justify strategic alliances taking place in these years. The competitive framework is definitely clearer if we analyse sector changes in a different way, from the point of view of low cost companies considered as new market actors.     

经济分析理论对涉税犯罪案件侦查之导引

经济理论中的数理分析理论运用到对涉税犯罪案件的侦查中来,可用成本公式“收入-成本= 利润”对涉税犯罪案件的作案手法、证据搜集和线索作分析、确认,从而为经济犯罪侦查人员提供一种新的侦查方法,为涉税犯罪案件侦查创造一种新的思路。     

法学研究的经济学维度——基于法律经济学的思考

法律经济学作为经济学帝国主义的重要表现 ,它是用经济学的方法和理论来考察、研究法律和法律制度的形成、结构、过程、效果、效率及未来发展的学科 ;它是法学和经济学科际整合的边缘学科。本文在阐述了法律经济学的发展历程及基本理论思维后 ,提出了法律经济学运动带给我们的几点思考     

刑事司法过程的社会效果与社会成本——关于刑事司法效率的思考

刑事司法的高效率不仅仅指司法过程的迅速和司法资源的低消耗,而且指司法过程良好的社会效果和社会成本的最低支付.司法的社会效果与社会成本被忽视,反映出人们司法效率理念的缺陷.提高刑事司法效率,应当注重司法过程的社会效果,防止司法成本社会化.     

涉税犯罪案件的社会机理和成本防控

犯罪现象与社会发展动态密不可分,涉税犯罪案件也不例外,甚至在经济犯罪领域,社会要素与犯罪行为的相互作用过程更为突出。涉税犯罪案件的社会机理是以“税务服从”为逻辑起点,以个体意识、制度构建、规范践行、当局形态为要素的公众模式。成本干预最优化的防控策略,是设法通过对上述四个社会要素的合理资源投入,达到降低税务管理成本,加大涉税犯罪人的犯罪成本,使之承受因为涉税犯罪活动而得不偿失的压力,最终达到抑制涉税犯罪活动的目的,其措施包括发挥媒体教化作用引导、构建税务与警务部门的轻微涉税违法案件信息共享平台、提高经济专业知识等。