警察工作压力对身心健康的影响及其对策(下)

3、压力的行为反应机制应对压力,不仅是心理反应的认知与方式、方法,生理反应的生化过程,更是在特定环境中的行为适应过程。人的本质,体现为“社会关系的总和”(马克思)。因此,行为适应是一个人健康特别是心理健康与否的重要标志。医学心理学把“心理障碍”界定为:“没有能力按照社会认为适宜的方式行为,以至其行为后果对本人或社会是不适应的。”“没有能力”,可理解分为器质性的损害和功能性的损害,也可能是两者兼而有之。生理、心理反应是内在的,行为反应是外显的。在现实生活中,当人们出现心理问题时,尽管通过主观意志努力可以在行…     

全面认识保护私人财产在调动一切积极因素中的重要作用

长期以来,社会上有种偏见:认为保护私人财产只是为了调动富裕阶层的积极性,实则不然,保护私人财产能够调动全民的积极性,是调动一切积极因素为中华民族伟大复兴凝聚力量的重要保证。     

我国中等收入阶层的现状与政策分析

当前我国中等收入阶层存在着许多不尽如人意的地方,实际上正对中国的社会发展和政治稳定形成冲击和挑战.要扩大中等收入阶层规模,提高中等收入阶层的整体素质,形成以中等收入阶层为主体的现代社会结构,必须选择合理的社会政策,如深化经济体制改革、分配制度改革、调整优化产业结构、完善民主机制,同时大力发展教育.     

Negotiating peace in Kosovo

We systematically analyze and forecast key developments before and during the Kosovo Crisis. Prior to the air campaign, we anticipated the breakdown of negotiations at Rambouillet and the subsequent initiation of hostilities. Without Russia as a mediator, we predicted that Milosevic would engage in military activity and strengthen his domestic control. As the war was being waged, we took a second look at settlement opportunities. Russia was identified as the key mediator needed to reach a settlement We show that a European‐led settlement offered promising prospects for peace. Finally, we demonstrate that the settlement achieved after the air war was not much different than the settlement that could have been achieved at Rambouillet The settlement on Kosovo offers only short‐term stability. To gain long‐term stability, the Serbians must either agree to the existing ethnic makeup in Kosovo or allow it to be partitioned. Otherwise, conflict in this region will likely revive.     

论我国基层民警压力缓解对策

当前我国基层民警在生活、工作、社会等方面的巨大压力下,产生种种有害于身体和工作的表现状况,这有着多方面的原因,应提出符合基层民警实际情况的有效的缓解压力的措施,为基层民警减压减负献计献策。     

关于足底跖区压力分布与年龄相关性的研究

年龄是人体生理机能和运动机能的时间标志。随着年龄的增长,足底跖区压力分布会呈现一定规律的变化,这对于通过足底跖区压力的不同分布推断遗留足迹人的年龄有重要意义。文章利用足底压力分析系统分别采集了20、30、40、50四个年龄段人群的跖区压力数据,对跖区压力分布和年龄的关系进行了统计分析。研究结果表明,足底跖区压力分布与年龄具有明显的相关性,这为利用跖区压力分布推断年龄提供了理论依据和实验支持。     

汗潜指纹的变化规律及检验

指纹是物证之首,但现场的指纹多是条件较差的模糊指纹,其中一种模糊指纹是多汗液形成的,这类指纹往往受承痕客体的润湿度,手的压力以及汗液多少的影响。研究的意义在于甄别案犯指纹,并为正确分析和鉴定指纹提供了有力的依据。     

Psychosocial Predictors of Emerging Adults' Risk and Reckless Behaviors

Past researchers have identified a range of psychosocial predictors of problem behaviors during adolescence, but have been less active in addressing this same issue in relation to the 18–25-year age group. The current study investigated risk and reckless behaviors in emerging adults using self-report measures and a cross-sectional design. Several of the major limitations associated with past research were overcome by sampling widely, making clear conceptual distinctions, avoiding confounds between predictors and criteria, developing more direct measures of key constructs, and controlling for demographic variables and for social desirability. In this sample of 375 emerging adults, risk behaviors were found to be reliably predicted by sensation seeking, but not by antisocial peer pressure, whereas the reverse pattern of association was more true in relation to reckless behaviors. Gender differences, especially in relation to the impact of social desirability considerations, are explored.     

Testing a Model of Resistance to Peer Pressure Among Mexican-Origin Adolescents

This study examined the factors associated with resistance to peer pressure toward antisocial behaviors among a sample of Mexican-origin adolescents (n=564) living in a large Southwestern city in the U.S. A model examining the influence of generational status, emotional autonomy from parents, and self-esteem on resistance to peer pressure was tested independently for boys and girls. Gender differences emerged in the factors that influenced resistance to peer pressure. Results indicated that resistance to peer pressure was influenced by generational status and emotional autonomy from parents for both boys and girls. However, self-esteem was found to influence resistance to peer pressure only for boys.Mayra Y. Bámaca is a graduate student in Family and Human Development at Arizona State University. Her research interests include adolescent development among ethnically diverse populations, the influence of contextual factors in development, parenting adolescents, and resiliency among Latino adolescents and their families. This work was based on the master’s thesis of the first author.Adriana J. Uma?a-Taylor received her Ph.D. from the University of Missouri-Columbia and is currently an Assistant Professor of Family and Human Development at Arizona State University. Her research interests include ethnic identity formation during adolescence and resilience among Latino adolescents and their families.This study was supported, in part, by a grant to the second author from the Fahs Beck Fund for Research and Experimentation of the New York Community Trust.     

濒危物种保护压力下的乡村发展困境——陕西朱鹮国家级保护区的例子

陕西朱鹮国家级保护区的调查与分析表明,保护优先原则绝对化与片面化的贯彻,不仅抑制了社区和当地人的发展,而且也降低了以此为基础的保护绩效。当地社区所采用的“参与式发展”模式,存在着体制和立法等与中国广大农村现实不能完全适应的问题。这些困境都有待于关注“本土化”的人类学进行深入研究。